Urinary Bladder Cancer-Epidemiological and Histopathological Study

Abstract

Urinary bladder cancer is the main reason for morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Urothelial carcinoma is a common primary tumor of urinary bladder (90%). To investigate the epidemiological and histopathological aspects in Libyan patients suffering from urinary bladder cancer, we performed a study on 39 bladder cancer biopsies from transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and cystoscopic samples obtained from Oncology Department- Al Hawari Hospital, over the period of (2021- May 2022), Tiba Medical Laboratory (2021- July 2022), and Alnoon Medical laboratory (2019- January 2022) at Benghazi, Libya. Of the 39 cases, 34 (87.2%) were diagnosed in men, and 5 (12.8%) were found in women, the men/ women ratio being of 6.8/1. The highest incidence of bladder tumors was recorded in individuals aged between 61 and 80 years old. In this age group, there were admitted 24 patients with bladder cancer, representing 61.5%. The most common pathological types of urinary bladder carcinoma found was Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma TCC (48.72%) followed by noninvasive Urothelial Carcinoma TCC (46.15%), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC in (5.13%). A case of SCC on top of Schistosomiasis was also seen. Grade III was found in 51.2% of our patients and 43.5% of them had stage II. This study has highlighted upon the importance of histopathological study in evaluating urinary bladder cancer. Cystoscopic studies and biopsies help in early detection of bladder neoplasms and they form the mainstay of the diagnosis and follow up. The objects of this work were to assess epidemiological features of the bladder cancer in Benghazi - Libya with regard to frequency, age and sex distribution. Furthermore, to describe the Histopathological features of the urinary bladder cancer, particularly Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) in urinary bladder biopsies.