المنهج التجريبي عند العلماء المسلمين دراسة تحليلية نقدية

Abstract

Research topic: The experimental approach in the philosophers of Islam in order to get acquainted with its foundations and concept with them and know how they established their scientific knowledge on observation and experience, and stand on their research methods, and how they formulated their scientific theories, and learn about their scientific achievements that preceded the West, as well as stand on the nature of the scientific method And the concept of science and research so that we can determine the scientific starting points from which Muslims began, and also the research attempts to find out the accuracy of Muslims and their interest in the experimental scientific method as defined in our time knowing that they laid the foundations and principles of research in experimental sciences and consideration Of general before the beginning of the Renaissance European, and that their compositions were good given to the development of modern scientific research, as well as praise and appreciation of contemporary Western scholars on Muslim philosophers This research also reveals how Muslim scholars formulated their scientific theories based on a scientific method based on experience and observation from scientific hypothesis to theory, and this research also refutes the suspicions of Western scholars in their claim that Islamic scholars were immune to the experimental scientific research method, and that they transferred their knowledge On the West, they have no role in the progress of the various sciences. Rather, many of them went on to say that Muslim sciences were dominated by theoretical rather than empirical nature. Many Muslim scholars have come to many scientific facts, in many medical and chemical sciences, pharmacology, and astronomy, and some have prepared mercury ointments used in the treatment of some ice sores and the preparation of "sulfuric acid".And he reached from them the results of research in the magnification of lenses that paved the use of lenses to fix eye defects, and some of them had achievements in many sciences and arts. In the field of astronomy, they invented a device to monitor the coordinates of the stars. Also, they performed very accurate surgeries such as eradicating early-stage cancerous tumors, incision of the throat and trachea, and removing the abscess from the lung crystal membrane, and they were exposed to kidney stones and explained how to extract them. In addition to describing some gynecological diseases, such as: vaginal obstruction, and fibroids. The research dealt with a lot of scientific terms related to scientific research such as research and scientific knowledge, science and scientific knowledge, the various aspects of science, the features of scientific knowledge, the concept of the scientific method, and the concept of the experimental approach and its importance, and the research also dealt with the importance of the scientific term especially for Muslim scholars especially "Al-Razi T 313 AH ), Ibn Sina - 428 AH, Jabir bin Hayyan T 200 AH, and Al-Ghazali T505 AH and others We have concluded at the conclusion of this research many of the scientific achievements attributed to Muslim scholars and how those achievements contributed to the scientific renaissance in Europe .