الاستبداد العامري بالسلطة وأثره على سقوط الخلافة الأموية عام 422ه

Abstract

Andalusia reached the peak of its political, military, economic and scientific prosperity, and it was a jewel in the good of civilization, and suddenly there was a crack and collapse in that great structure that the Umayyads had worked hard to establish for more than two and a half centuries, which indicates the existence of weaknesses in that structure, represented in the Tribal disputes, racism, and political conflicts, and the strange thing is that the collapse happened very quickly, not commensurate with the length of time it took to build and construct, and perhaps this was in line with divine laws. “And if we want to destroy a village, we command it to be well-off, and they commit it to them”. God Almighty has authorized destruction to plunge the extreme people into luxury (the era of the caliphate 316-399). The matter of immorality, such as Chanjul, the Mahdi, and others, they penetrated through the lands, and committed sins, vices, and evils, and with their hands and their ugly deeds that betray ignorance and mismanagement, they wrote the last pages of the history of the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia. Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil was able to establish a state for him in Andalusia and make the rule hereditary in his family for nearly three centuries. Thus, Andalusia recovered from what was mired in it from the struggle for power between Al-Qaysiyyah and Al-Yamaniya. - He took over the authorities and the state’s management of the veil of Muhammad ibn Abi Aamer al-Mansur, who arrived in the situation until he commanded to greet the kings, but he aspired to be the caliph The Most Merciful, known for his shrewdness, coveted the caliphate and asked the legal caliph (Al-Moayad) to appoint him as guardian for his reign, and that request was the spark that unleashed the discord that Andalusians plagued for many years and which ultimately led to the weakening of the caliphate’s position and its downfall in 422 AH The topic of “Ameri tyranny in power and its impact on the fall of the Umayyad caliphate in 422 AH” is one of the important topics in the history of Andalusia. It was not concerned with adequate care by researchers and needs more studies to find out the reasons behind the weakness and impotence of the successors of the era of sedition (399-422 AH). For managing things and directing them on the right track. The importance of the topic lies in the fact that it was the beginning of the end of an era that was considered one of the most brilliant eras of the state of Islam in Andalusia as a whole, and an introduction to an era whose kings slogan was "the emirate, even on stones." This study aims to clarify the negative role of the Amarites in weakening the position of the caliph, robbing the authorities from his hands, displacing the Umayyad house and harassing him, which led to the inability of most of the caliphs of sedition to run the affairs of the state and the outbreak of conflict between them, in order to win the caliphate, and what this conflict led to The bloody wars in which the enemies were used, the Andalusian people were the most affected by them and the woes of them. This study aims to clarify the negative role of the Amarites in weakening the position of the caliph, robbing the authorities from his hands, displacing the Umayyad house and harassing him, which led to the inability of most of the caliphs of sedition to run the affairs of the state and the outbreak of conflict between them, in order to win the caliphate, and what this conflict led to The bloody wars in which the enemies were used, the Andalusian people were the most affected by them and the woes of them. Perhaps the reason that pushed me to delve into this topic despite the lack of resources that dealt with it and despite the grief and pain that the Arabs are experiencing in the current era in terms of deteriorating conditions and sharp disagreements we found similar to them in Andalusian history, but our hopes are that the fate will not be the same. Drawing inspiration from lessons and lessons and trying to address problems in ways that we avoid falling into the same caveats that our ancestors did The study was divided into five demands, as well as an introduction, conclusion, and a list of sources and references as follows: The first requirement: the peaceful transfer of power in the era of the Umayyad emirate. The second demand: Amiriya despotism in power. And the third requirement: the position of the Umayyad House on the transfer of power to the Amarites. Fourth requirement: the struggle for power between the Umayyads. Fifth requirement: the power struggle between the Hammoudids and the Umayyads.