Department Of Orthodontics

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALSTUDY FOR BCL-2 IN ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST

Sat, 01 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALSTUDY FOR BCL-2 IN ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST Hwayda, Moftah Mohamed Alshiky Introduction: The odontogenickeratocyst (OKC) is a relatively uncommon lesion which has much interest because of its unusual growth pattern and tendency to recur. The majority of odontogenickeratocysts arise sporadically and present as solitary lesions unless they are associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome,although occurs in any part of jaws the majority of themfound in the mandible; most commonly in the posterior body and ascending ramus. OdontogenicKeratocycts present an aggressive clinical course with a marked trendtoward recurrence as compared with dentigerous cysts, differences in the clinical behavior of cysts may be associated with apoptosis in the lining epithelium. Aim of Study: 1-To analyze the clincohistopathological features of the OdontogenicKeratocyst cases. 2- To study the immunoexpression ofBcl-2 inOdontogenicKeratocyst. Materials and Methods: A descriptive case- series study. Sample size were twenty casesdiagnosed OKC ranged from 18 -65 years M: F ratio 1.9: 1,the personal data such as age, sexsite, residence, nationality of the patients were noted from the patients recordes,the samples were taken from wax blocks ,cut and stained,four microns thick sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) then stained by immune marker Bcl2 in the oral pathology department at university of Alexandria- Egypt to study immune reactions, finally the data were collected and analyzedusing statistical package social science (SPSS) version 17. Results: The histopathological appearance of OKCS , characterized by thin stratified squamous epithelium in the majority of cases. Most of OKCs showed a palisaded basal cell layer. The surface layer of cyst lining wereparakeratinized and only few were orthokeratinized,cyst wall contained the following: Inflammatory cell were (75%) of cases,Satellite cysts were(40%) of cases, epithelial residues in (40%) of cases,Kerattinesquames in (60%) of cases. Regarding immune histochemical finding, theBcl-2 expression positive cells was 75% of the lesions were classified into three grades weak , moderate and intense reactions in 20 %, 33.3 % & 46.6 % respectively. Conclusion: Inconclusion OKCs were solitary, the majority of OKC seems to be biologically aggressive and should be classified as a tumour rather than a cyst. Because the majority of OKCs were with high proliferative activity and characterized by higher expression of Bcl-2 in basal cell epithelium, probably that lesions are developmental cysts with some neoplastic properties. We recommend to complete the medical files in the archive of oral pathology department to include all data such as onset of symptom, duration of lesions , if there is any associateddiseases and the report of radiography.

RELATIONSHIP OF PERIODONTITIS IN PREGNANCY TO PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN A LIBYAN WOMEN SAMPLE

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

RELATIONSHIP OF PERIODONTITIS IN PREGNANCY TO PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN A LIBYAN WOMEN SAMPLE NUZHA, ABDALHAMID ELDEGHELI Introduction: Many studies have been published indicating a positive or negative relationship between periodontal disease and preterm/low birth weight. The inconsistent findings across studies have given the emerging evidence suggesting that associations may be influenced by population characteristics. Objective: To assess the relation between periodontal disease and the risk of preterm delivery/low birth weight among Libyan women in Benghazi. Methods: A total of 300 Libyan pregnant women attended to reception of labour ward at gynaecology and obstetrics department of Al- Jomhuriya Hospital in Benghazi for delivery from May to August 2010 included in this study. After recording and excluded traditional risk factors for premature/low birth weight like; age, weight, smoking, prenatal care, medical history, gestational and obstetric history, they were examined for periodontal status using Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Periodontal Disease Index and the data obtained analysed with day of delivery and birth‘s weight. Results: The periodontal disease index score showed that 47% of the sample had moderate gingivitis, 29% of the sample had mild gingivitis, 10% had severe gingivitis while 11% had mild periodontitis. According to gingival index score, moderate gingivitis had high percentage (60%) which is related to high percentage of plaque deposition (51%) in plaque index score. And PDI showed insignificant relationship with PLBW at P-value = 0.849. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is no association between periodontitis and premature/low birth weight among Libyan ladies in Benghazi. Recommendation: This is only a preliminary study and further research from multicentre from different Libyan cities of large scale samples are needed before this can assume to be a casual relationship among Libyan ladies.

Clinical and Histopathological Correlation Between Dysplastic Changes in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions and Presence of Candida albicans

Thu, 01 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Clinical and Histopathological Correlation Between Dysplastic Changes in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions and Presence of Candida albicans Mahgub, Abdulkareem Mahmoud Background: The concept of a two-step process of cancer development in the oral mucosa, starting with an initial presence of a precursor (premalignant, precancerous) lesion which is subsequently develops into frank cancer, is a well-established con-cept,red lesions such as erythroplakia, leukoerythroplakia, verrucous lesions and ulcer-ative lesions may represent higher risk, whereas homogenous leukoplakia carries a lower risk dysplasia or malignancy at diagnosis. Candida albicans is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host transition from one of commensals to pathogen, the role of Candida albicans as a possible etiological factor in leukoplakia and its possible role in malignant transformation is still unclear. Aims of this study is to look at the epidemiological features of PMOLs and their clini-cal presentation and to determine the prevalence of fungal hyphae in 30 tissue sections. Materials and methods: Data of the clinically suspected and histopath-ologically confirmed 90 (4.7%) cases from total of 1894 biopsied lesions in the period from 1998 to 2010 were obtained from the department archives. Furthermore, thirty biopsies from those were stained with (H & E) first then with PAS stain to look for candidal hyphae. Results: From these 90 cases, 62 (68.8%) of them were OLP, 20 (22.2%) OLEP, 3 (3.3%) of VL and 2 (2.2%) cases of OSMF. Whereas OEP, actinic cheilitis. Candidial leukoplakia were detected in only one case. Dysplastic changes with varying degrees were noticed in almost all the biopsies except one. Mostly mild 20 cases, moderate 6 cases and severe in 3 biopsies. Candida hyphae were detected in only 2 cases the yeast (blastospore) represented 6.6% of these case in candidal leukoplakia and verrucous leukoplakia cases. Conclusion: Fungal hyphae in the potentially malignant lesions and conditions is not useful indicator in predicting malignant transformation. The presence of epithelial dys-plasia is more important in predicting malignant transformations than the clinical char-acteristics of the lesion.

Oral Candida Carriage and Fungi Species Prevalence

Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Candida Carriage and Fungi Species Prevalence Logien, Saleh Mustafa This study aims to identify the prevalence of oral fungal species in routine dental patients via the laboratory culturing of the isolates and identification by the Erba expert identification program plus the evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolated fungi by agar diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs. Subjects and Methods: A total 310 dental patients examined at Al salmani central dental clinic in Benghazi throughout 9 months in the year 2021 in full observation of the measures imposed to combat COVID-19 pandemic. The patients were adults aged 18 years or above, with different dental complaints (dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, dental prosthesis problems), few of them had associating medical illness such as (diabetes, hypertension, asthma, paranasal sinusitis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or anemia) which might have modified their oral fungal carriage. The later can also be modified by personal habits such as smoking or alcoholism. All relevant information was recorded prior taking an oral smear and immediately transferring it to the laboratory for cultivation on a Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) by standard mycological methods. The isolates were first tested by gram stain then by germ tube test. The colony color and culture characteristics were recorded. CANDIDAtest 21 was used along with antifungal susceptibility test by Agar Diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs method. The susceptibility to seven antifungal agents (fluconazole, amphotericin B, Nystatin, fluocytosine, Clotrimazole, Itraconazole, and voriconazole) was tested. Results: In 310 cases, the prevalence of oral carriage of yeasts was 32% (100 patients; 54 females and 46 males). No correlation was found between clinical variables and candida carriage except for minor increased tendency of fungal carriage in the patients using dental prostheses. Twelve strains of candidal and non-candidal species could be isolated. Candida albicans was the most predominant species and found in 68% of the isolates, while Candida dubliniensis was the second isolated species in 15 cases, Trichosporon spp in 5 cases, Candida catenulata in 2 cases, Candida krusei in 2 cases, Candida glabrata in 2 cases, and (1 case each) for Candida magnolia, Candida pelliculosa, Cryptococcus humicola complex, Cryptococcus Laurentii, Geotrichum capitatum, and Rhodotorula rubra. Almost all isolates expressed high resistance to (amphotericin, fluocytosine, and Clotrimazole) 98%, 97% and 83% respectively, while the resistance was intermediate to (fluconazole and Nystatin), 67% and 60% respectively and high sensitivity was recorded to (voriconazole and Itraconazole) 91% and 71% respectively. Interestingly, fluconazole has performed well in this study, as the isolates were either sensitive (67%) or intermediately sensitive (33%) to it, and no single resistant was isolated. Conclusions: Candida albicans is the most predominately isolated species followed by Candida dubliniensis, while different figures were recorded for the other less commonly encountered species. Resistance to antifungal agents is high to some agents particularly amphotericin, fluocytosine, and Clotrimazole and less profound to other agents such as voriconazole and Itraconazole and no fluconazole resistant strains could be found.

A Study of Podoplanin Immunohistopathological Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Associated Stroma

Wed, 07 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

A Study of Podoplanin Immunohistopathological Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Associated Stroma Gamra, Abdullah Ibrahim Alshareef Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common carcinoma in the head and neck region, accounts for ninety percent of the malignancies in the oral cavity and ranks among the top eight causes of cancer-related death globally. The expression of podoplanin, transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein, is up-regulated in a number of different human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and its relationship with tumour invasion raises the possibility that podoplanin expression could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Aim of the Study: the aim of this present study is to evaluate the expression of podoplanin in the three different grades of the oral squamous cell carcinoma and its associated stroma for understanding of the microenvironment of the tumour for better and early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 45 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded blocks of excised tumours from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, included 15 cases for each grade of OSCC, treated with Haematoxylin and Eosin for routine staining, and podoplanin D2-40, monoclonal antibody, for immunohistochemical staining. Results: In this present study, we found insignificant association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the three grades of OSCC. A highly immunoexpression of podoplanin revealed through the three grades of OSCC (88.8%) of cases with the high immunoreactive score mostly found in poorly differentiated OSCC and the low immunoreactive score mostly found in well differentiated OSCC (P = 0.017). The assessment of lymphovascular density in peritumoral and intratumoral lymph vessels revealed up-regulation from well to poorly differentiated OSCC with highly significant association in the peritumoral lymph vessels (p = 0.007), and in the intratumoral lymph vessels (p = 0.020). A highly significant association found during the assessment of the distribution of inflammatory cells in the three different grades of OSCC from well, moderately to poorly differentiated OSCC (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Podoplanin seems to be helpful as a biomarker for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and it may play an important role for the detection of the advanced grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, podoplanin can be used in lymphangiogenesis assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Relationship Between Torus Mandibu-laris, Torus Palatinus, Parafunctional Habits, and Anxiety in a Sample from Eastern Libyan Population

Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Relationship Between Torus Mandibu-laris, Torus Palatinus, Parafunctional Habits, and Anxiety in a Sample from Eastern Libyan Population Salmen, Moftah Hussan Ali Background: Torus is a benign, rounded, smooth-surfaced, non-neoplastic growth composed of nodular dense bone appears on the midline of the palate or the lin-gual aspects of the mandible. Its etiology is probably due to interplay of multifactorial ge-netic and environmental factors or may be associated with teeth grinding and parafunc-tional occlusal habits, or temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) . Aims: The current study aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of oral tori, by measuring their dimensions, size, and shape beside the frequency of signs and symptoms of parafunctional oral activity (such as clenching, teeth grinding and/or brux-ism). It aims also to measure the level of blood calcium, vitamin D, and parathy roid hor-mone and the level of anxiety and depression in these patients. Subjects and Methods: This study included patients with clinical evidence of oral torus seen from October 2019 through December 2020 from routine consecutive patients in Northern East region of Libya to describe the clinical presentation of tori. Furthermore, a maxillary and mandibular dental impressions were taken by a rubber base butty and light body then dental casts were immediately fabricated in dental laboratory using gy psum ma-terial (Elite Model, Zhermack). The biochemical findings of Calcium+ level, Vitamin D, and PTH levels were investigated. The level of anxiety and stress in the study group is assessed by HAD scale. . Results: This study comprised 50 Libyan patients (39 females and 11 males) aged 16- 63 y ears. The facial muscle clenching and fatigue was reported by 32 (64%) and morning jaw/neck fatigue was reported by 23 (46%), teeth grinding in 20 (40% ), TMJ morning stiffness in 18 ( 36% ) patients, nocturnal habit of bruxism in 11 ( 22%) , diurnal bruxism in 9 ( 18% ), grinding sounds during sleep in 7 ( 14%). Only 18 ( 36% ) were aware of presence of tori in their mouths. No reported difficulties in speech or deglutition or interferences with sleep. The signs of a presumed parafunctional activity included attri-tion in 34 (68%) of the patients, presence of shiny facets in 32 (64%) of patients, fractured teeth or restorations in 23 (46%) patients, mobility of teeth in 20 (40%) of patients and wear on the occlusal surface appliance in only 11 (22%) patients who had such appliances . Forty -four (88%) of the patients have Angle class I occlusion, and all of them except three had U shaped dental arch. Teeth spacing was detected in 17 (34%) patients, teeth crowd-ing in 19 (38%), hy podontia of the upper lateral incisors in 2 (4%) patients and no super-numerary teeth were detected. Twenty six patients (52%) had TM, 10 (20%) had TP while a concurrence of TP and TM was noticed in 14 (28%) patients. The size of all TP exceeded 10 mm in its long-est dimension diameter regardless of its shape. 14 (58%) patients had spindle shaped TP, 7 (29.17%) heart shaped and 1 (4.17%) lobulated, and two of other shapes. Thirty five (87.5%) cases of TM were bilateral, 18 (45%) rounded, 10 (25%) lobulated, eight (25%), oval and 4 (10%) other shapes. Calcium, vitamin D and PTH levels all the levels were within normal values. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) scores didn‟t reveal any statistically significant as-sociation with any of the signs and symptoms of parafunctional activity , however, an as-sociation exists between the anxiety score and facial muscle clenching and tigue (p=0.002) Conclusion: Further controlled studies involving larger number of subjects and ing wider areas of the country should be undertaken to shed light on different aspects of this overgrowths. The likely benefits of oral tori as a potential source of bone auto graft for Ridge augmentation should be explored as well as their potential use as an indicator for higher bone quality of the subject should also be elaborated. As oral tori are benign outgrowths, the future studies should concentrate on their potential use in implantology and other medical uses as their clinical and epidemiological characteristics had long been investigated in the past.

Study of epidermal growth factor receptor)EGFR) expression in benign and malignant Ameloblastoma Of The Jaws

Wed, 01 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Study of epidermal growth factor receptor)EGFR) expression in benign and malignant Ameloblastoma Of The Jaws Amna, Othman Ali Elfeitouri Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla, with multiple histological variants, and high recurrence rates if improperly treated. It is a locally invasive neoplasm often associated with morbidity and facial deformities, showing increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. EGFR stain location plays a vital role in assessing its proliferative potential, biological aggressiveness and treatment options. This study was aimed to assess the clinic- histopathological features of the ameloblastoma cases and to study (Immunohistochemistry examination) the immune -expression of EGFR in ameloblastoma cases to clarify their role in the biological behavior of the benign and malignant ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: A descriptive case-series study of twenty-five patients diagnosed as ameloblastomas was conducted during the period from 1995 to 2010.The present study was undertaken in oral pathology laboratory at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi. The data were collected and reviewed from patients' charts. Clinical and epidemiological data were taken. Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry were done. The immune expression of EGFR reaction in ameloblastomas were positive or negative reaction. Data collected and then analyzed by Statistical program (SPSS). Results: The age of the subjects ranged from15 to 50 years with mean age 29.1 and SD 10.586 years. M:F ratio 1.5:1. More than half of cases of ameloblastomas mainly in right side of the mandible, while 44 % in left side of the mandible, and only 4% in both sides. Histopathological examination. Most cases were cystic 48 %, plexiform represents 32 % whereas, follicular and desmoplastic were seen in 16% and 4% of cases respectively. granular cell, acanthomatous and basal cell were not observed in the ameloblastoma. The ameloblastomas. cases (21) 86% were positively stained immune reactions to EGFR. The cells were observed mainly in combined of cytoplasmic and membranous followed by membranous, while nearly (only 4 lesions) represent 14% were negative staining. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study concluded that most of ameloblastomas appear most commonly in the third to fifth decades. The majority of ameloblastomas indicate the biological behavior of the tumors as an aggressive because, most of tumors were solid and multicystic based on their histological classification, rather than benign also frequently invade locally and no metastasize was recorded . The majority of ameloblastoma are positive for immune reaction to EGFR, about 9 cases combind cytoplasmic and membranous, 4 cases combined nuclear, cytoplasamic and membranous, 8 cases membranous. The distribution of EGFR expression in ameloblsatoma 48% focal reaction, 40% diffuse reaction, 12% negative reaction. The staining intensity of EGFR 6 cases strong positive staining, 11cases moderate positive staining, 4 cases weak staining, 4 cases negative reaction.

Oral health Knowledge among Public Preparatory Schools Students in Benghazi City

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Oral health Knowledge among Public Preparatory Schools Students in Benghazi City Nagla, Awad Ibrahim Hamed Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health , oral health knowledge is considered to be an essential prerequisite for health related practices, so, the first step in establishing a good oral habits is to provide relevant knowledge to children and adolescents to rise their awareness of how to prevent oral disease, an adequate oral health knowledge during adolescence period improve attitudes and behaviors toward dental health. Objective: The scope of this study is to assess the level of oral health knowledge among adolescents students aged between 12-15 attending public preparatory schools in Benghazi, Libya.The main objective of the study is: To compare between female and male students in oral health knowledge level in association to the level of their parents education. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was used in this research that analyzed data from a representative sample at a specific time by using a modified questionnaire, rate of response was 89.3%,the questionnaire included two parts, demographic and information about oral health, statistical analyses and chi square test were used and statistical significant was set as p=o.o5. Results: In the total sample, 45.8% of participants were males and 54.2% of participants were females, study analyses showed that students who were interested to get information about oral health 95%, also study analyses showed that students who were interested to get information about oral health were significantly of 97.2% in females, whilst 93.2% in males, also the results showed that the ninth grade of age fifteen have more knowledge about the importance of oral health. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that females adolescents tend to visit dentist more than males, The study revealed that females engage better in oral hygiene behavior and possess a greater interest in oral health than do males, Parents help and encouragement about oral health self-care had a significant relationship with higher proportion in females, and the overall knowledge of adolescents was good. Key word: Oral health knowledge among adolescents.

Dentine Hypersensitivity and its Quality of Life Impacts Among Libyan Adult Dental Patients in Benghazi

Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Dentine Hypersensitivity and its Quality of Life Impacts Among Libyan Adult Dental Patients in Benghazi Najat, Muftah Albarasi There is a scarcity of research focusing on DH in the Arabic world. To authors best of knowledge, no previous attempts have been made to assess the prevalence of DH among Libyan adults or to evaluate impacts of DH on the quality of life. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional survey to explore the prevalence and associated factors of dentine hypersensitivity and its quality of life impacts among adult Libyan dental patients. The study was conducted in the city of Benghazi which is the second largest city and the country and hosts nearly one million inhabitants who descend from different Libyan tribes and races. The participants, who were adult dental patient, were recruited from one main public clinic (Alsalmani) and two private dental practices during the period between August and September 2021. A paper-based questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information (age, gender, education), oral health related behaviours (oral hygiene practices and preferences, smoking habits and dietary habits) and history of DH (time, duration and intensity of pain as well as aggravating and reliving factors). Data was analysed using SPSS software. All statistical test was conducted at p value of 0.05. RESULTS: Among 397 sample the distribution of DH cases. Overall, 31% of the participants had DH. However, most of the cases (80, 20.2%) were mild DH and the just 10 participants had DH. The majority of DH patients presented with periodontal problems (84%), followed by toothache (19%) and check-up (11%). The most common reliving factor was ‘removing the cause’ (13.9%) whereas the most aggravating factor was the cold drinks (21.4%). Higher proportions of DH were observed among hard brush users and those who reporting using desensitising toothpaste. (p≤0.05) CONCLUSION: In Libyan dental practice, DH is a commonly presenting condition. It may disturb people during eating, drinking, and oral hygiene habits. The aetiology of DH, which is directly connected with dentine exposure, due to, mainly, cold, stimuli as well as periodontal diseases as a key predisposing factor that may play an important role in initiating this condition.

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in A Sample of Adult Libyan Patients: An Orthopantomographic Study

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in A Sample of Adult Libyan Patients: An Orthopantomographic Study Magdi, Saleem Hamad Objectives: The prevalence of dental anomalies in different populations as demonstrated in several studies. So far, little is known about developmental anomalies in Libyan population. This research was aimed to: investigate prevalence of dental anomalies among a selected adult Libyan sample using panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of digital panoramic radiographs of (412) Libyan adult patients of both sexes (males and females) was collected from different Clinics in Benghazi district in period of six months. The radiographs were studied on computer screen to find out the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis by age and gender were conducted using SPSS software. Results: A total of 412 panorama radiographs were used in the data analysis. The majority were females (no=273, 66%), aged between 18 and 70 years old. The most common type of dental anomalies was dilaceration (no=130,31.6%), followed by impaction of wisdom teeth (no=66, 16%) and impaction of other teeth (no=23, 5.6%). A few cases of other anomalies were reported. These included one case of odontome, ectopic eruption of lift upper 8 and mesodens. were also seen Conclusions: Dilaceration and impaction were the most common types of developmental dental anomalies among study population, with rare cases of supernumerary teeth and odontome. Multiple anomalies are common in the present study, suggestion genetic origin. The study showed that the prevalence of dental anomalies increases with the age of participants.

THE USE OF SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AS AN INDICATOR FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Mon, 21 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT

THE USE OF SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AS AN INDICATOR FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS Loai, A. F. Ben Saod People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased incidence of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Long-term sequelae of DM may include retinopathy with potential loss of vision and nephropathy leading to renal failure. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease also are common. Some people experience peripheral and autonomic neuropathies such as numbness and tingling of extremities. People with poorly controlled DM also may have impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections (1). Although there are several diabetic complications that may occur in the body, several soft tissue abnormalities have been reported to be associated with DM in the oral cavity. These complications include periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis), salivary dysfunction leading to a reduction in salivary flow and changes in saliva composition, and taste dysfunction. Oral fungal and bacterial infections have also been reported in patients with DM. There are also reports of oral mucosal lesions in the form of stomatitis, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, oral lichen planus (OLP), lichenoid reaction and angular chelitis (2, 3). In addition, delayed mucosal wound healing, mucosal neuro-sensory disorders, dental carries and tooth loss have been reported in patients with DM (4). The prevalence and the chance of developing oral mucosal lesions were found to be higher in patients with DM compared to healthy controls (5). Dentists have a role in the diagnosis of DM throughout the detection of associated oral complications and they have an opportunity and responsibility to educate patients with DM about the oral complications of the disease, and to promote proper oral health behaviors that limit the risks of tooth loss, periodontal disease and soft-tissue pathologies (6). HbA1c has become the preferred clinical measure of glycaemic control. HbA1c is a measure of the non-enzymatic glycation of adult haemoglobin. The quantities of these glycated hemoglobins are much higher in diabetic patients than in healthy people and are more risky for complications of DM (7). Several studies and researches have been done in order to evaluate the benefit of the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for some diseases via its analysis which is potentially valuable for children and older adults, since whole saliva can be collected non-invasively, easily and with no special equipments compared with the collection of blood. Saliva needs to be more investigated by researchers to evaluate its benefits to measure glycemic control.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Arabic Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) In Benghazi, Libya

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Arabic Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) In Benghazi, Libya Lamis, Abdelrahim Ballo Aims and Objectives The study's primary aim is to assess psychometric properties and evaluate responsiveness of the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) in Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: The methods of this study consists of two parts, part one for assessment of psychometric properties of A-ECOHIS by secondary data analysis of 681 Libyan children of 6 years old. The data used for this study was collected as part of oral health survey that was carried out in 2017 in Benghazi, the survey conducted for collecting primary data used a cross-sectional design and WHO diagnostic criteria to assess oral health status, treatment needs and OHRQOL of Libyan children. Part two for evaluation of responsiveness of A-ECOHIS for 89, 5-6 years old Libyan children. The study implemented a pre-and-post-intervention design. Participants consisted of a convenience sample. All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25) software at p-value ≤0.05. Results: A total of 681 mothers participated in the present study. The majority of mothers were housewives (57%), attained tertiary education (44.9%) and gain low income (59.3%) (< 500 LYD). In the child impact section, “pain in the teeth, mouth or jaws” was the most frequently reported item by the parents (63.9%). In the family impact section, the most frequently reported items were “been upset” (29.7%) and “felt guilty” (20.4%). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88. The responsive sample included 89 participants. Mean ECOHIS scores in the whole sample for the whole scale prior to and following treatment are shown in figure 5.1. Higher mean scores (10.16±7.38) were reported before treatment received compared to mean scores after treatment received (4±5.32). Conclusion: This study showed that the Arabic-ECOHIS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the negative impacts of oral disorders/conditions on the quality of life of 5–6 year old preschool children and their families in Libya. As well, results of the longitudinal study showed that the Arabic-ECOHIS is sensitive and responsive to dental treatment of ECC.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Internally Displaced Libyan Children in Benghazi / Libya - Tawrgha Camps

Sun, 04 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Internally Displaced Libyan Children in Benghazi / Libya - Tawrgha Camps Abdelgader, Mohamed Elhashani Background: In Libya, about (245,483) Libyans are still internally displaced for different reasons. Of these, about (40,000, or 8,500) heads of families, are from Tawrgha city. There are currently more than 40 IDP camps across the country. In addition, Oral health is a critical indicator that may be used to determine a person's overall health. Little is known about the oral health status and treatment needs of children living in IDP camps. Objective: The present study was conducted to explore the oral health, treatment needs and OHRQoL of IDP children and inform future public health programs and policymakers. Methods and materials: An observational, cross-sectional survey using both clinical examination and a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted among children of ages 8-15 years, living in tawrgha camps in the city of Benghazi. The study used both a validated, self-administered questionnaire and a clinical assessment to collect data from the participants. The questionnaire explored the socio-demographic characteristics and oral health behaviors of the participant as well as the Arabic COHIP-SF19. Results: A total number of 358 (191 male and 167 female) IDP children were recruited. Participants showed a higher prevalence of dental caries (275, 76.6%) than Benghazi children (193, 53.20%). However, the IDP children had lower filling teeth rate (2, 0.6%) than Benghazi children (6, 6%). The data reveal that the caries prevalence was different between camps. The garuons camp showed the highest caries experience (4.26, SD=3.48), then The red crescent and sport city camps at (4.28, SD=3.35) and (3.5, SD=2.95) respectively. the lowest caries prevalence was in alhalis camp (2.60, SD=2.69). About (149, 41.6%) of the sample showed no singe of dental fluorosis. however, the severe form of it was found in (3, 0.8%). The vast majority of the participants had no sign of injury. Only few participants have traumatic injuries. The low prevalence of dental trauma (31, 8.7%). Almost all of the study participants showed no sign of erosion (308, 86%). Additionally, the data reveals that in the overall OHEQol score tawrgha children had (58.32, SD=1352) while the Benghazi children had (61.13, SD=12.97). Conclusion: The dental caries prevalence was high while dental erosion and dental trauma were relatively low among IDP children compared to children living in Benghazi. Camps that are away from the city center and supermarkets appeared to have lower caries rates Observed.

Oral Health Care System in Libya: Case Study of Benghazi

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Care System in Libya: Case Study of Benghazi Aisha, Hassan Faraj Aloshiby The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a health care system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities (WHO, 2007). Dentistry is only one component of the broader healthcare system and part of the overall social welfare system. Therefore, as health professionals, dentists need to understand the essential elements of the health care system within which they are working and how the changes in the system impact them (Gift et al., 2007). All Health care systems are complex organizations in a constant process of change and evolution to meet the health needs of their citizens. However, there are no universally acknowledged definitions of a health system since they have been defined differently for different purposes by different scholars (Hsiao, 2003). For example, Policy makers are interested in understanding what interventions are likely to improve the performance of a health system. On the other hand, researchers want to investigate what structural components cause the varied outcomes. The need to make the health care system available to all citizens has historically increased in numerous nations as their civilizations developed. Health systems not only benefit people by preventing and treating illnesses, but they improve people's lives by generating security within society and including them in the developmental process with political support (Gilson et al., 2007). Other important factors that influence the nature, extent, and shape of a healthcare system include the demographics of society, advances in technology, expectations and a country's economic wealth (Arah et al, 2003). Therefore, some scholars suggested that an ideal oral health care system would be integrated with the rest of the health care system to respond to the ongoing changes in society. Many of the current challenges to oral health care systems are based on incongruities that have evolved among policy, organizational structures, reallocation of resources, actual population oral health care needs, altered disease patterns and changing socio-political systems. The oral health care system, therefore, would include surveillance of population oral health status and needs, and be evidence-based, effective, cost-effective, sustainable, equitable, comprehensive, ethical, and culturally competent, with an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Moreover, it should include universal coverage, and continuous quality assessment and assurance. Finally, the ideal system would empower communities and individuals to create conditions conducive to health (Tomar & Cohen, 2010). It is crucial for each country to regularly examine its healthcare system to ensure that it is taking account of population changes, health needs, workforce numbers, skills and expectations (Gallagher et al., 2009). There are disparities in human and financial resources, dental workforce and types of trained personnel between developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, in many countries, the human, financial and material resources are still insufficient to meet the need for oral health care services and to provide universal access, especially in disadvantaged communities in developing and developed countries (Kandelman et al.,2012). In recent years many countries have been affected by the state of fragility is associated with a range of challenging, complex and inter-related political, security, economic, and social challenges, with people's health being at the centre of these challenges since it has significant adverse impacts on how health care is delivered and utilized (Guha-Sapir & van Panhuis, 2002 & Woodward et al., 2016). A fragile state is defined as one that failed or is vulnerable to failure regarding its authority, legitimacy and comprehensive service entitlements that it should provide to its population (Stewart-Brown, 2009). Recently, the number of people living in fragile and conflict-affected states has increased, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa region. Many of these states were part of the so-called Arab Spring revolution to oust dictatorships in these countries, but the aftermath of these revolutions turned sour. As a result, most of these countries have experienced a chronic state of instability ranging from economic and political turmoil, such as Egypt and Tunisia, to armed conflicts and completely failed states, such as Libya and Syria. The Libyan healthcare system has once been described as one of the most successful. However, as with other aspects of life in Libya, the healthcare system has been affected by turmoil and political crises in the last ten years. Health systems are affected by various contextual factors, for example, personal, organizational and social factors, which affect staff, their motivation, and the beneficiaries' response to health services (Gilson et al., 2011). Several attempts to assess the performance of the health care system in Libya were made by several organizations and groups. Yet, the oral health sector was neglected, and attention was given to the medical field. Therefore, this research aims to describe the Libyan oral healthcare system in terms of its structure, function, personnel, funding, reimbursement and target group. This will inform health care planners and policy makers as well as educational institutions about the current status of Libyan oral health care system and how it can be improved.

Impacts of Corona-virus Pandemic on the Preparedness of Dental Graduates at The University of Benghazi to Practice Dentistry

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Impacts of Corona-virus Pandemic on the Preparedness of Dental Graduates at The University of Benghazi to Practice Dentistry Aml, Osamah Ramadhan Alshuwayhidi Aim and objectives: The aim of this natural experimental study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the preparedness of dental graduate at the faculty of dentistry, University of Benghazi. Study design: A cross sectional mixed study design, a predesigned questionnaire known as graduate assessment of preparedness for practice (GAPP) questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection and supplemented by semi structured qualitative interviews to fully understand the issue of preparedness among dental graduates. Results: The overall response rate of 68.2%.,nearly 59.5% of the respondents were from pre-pandemic batch, the study finding showed the area of weakness of graduates preparedness were more prominent in the TMJ management (12%), orthodontics appliance repair (14.7%) and surgical extractions (37.2%) in clinical competences, most of the respondents considered themselves competent in taking history (86.2%), administering local anaesthesia (88.6%), and preforming direct restorations (85.6%), and to lesser extent prepared for simple tooth extraction (%79.2), periodontal treatment (%78.3) and preventive advice (%74.5), the pre-pandemic graduates demonstrated better confidence and competence in practicing dentistry independently but some areas remained deficient in both groups which indicates inherent problems in the dental curriculum at the UoB. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic has negatively affected the learning process at the faculty of dentistry of UoB and highlights the need of curriculum reform and re-defining the competencies of Libyan dental graduate. Minimizing the numbers of admitted students and supporting the existing resources are mandatory to regain the quality dental training.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Dentists toward Management of Special Needs Patients in Benghazi City

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Dentists toward Management of Special Needs Patients in Benghazi City Amal, M M Elbagermi Background: Special needs patients (SNPs) are one of the underserved dental patient in Libya. A compromised oral health condition amongst SNPs has been associated with shortage of skills of dental professionals in management. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Libyan dentists towards caring for SNPs. Methods: A cross sectional study including Libyan dentist in public and private dental clinics in Benghazi. Data were collected from a representative sample by using a modified questionnaire. Results: In the total sample (234), 32.1% of participants were males and 67.9% were females. More than 63% of dentists had good knowledge about mental retardation in Down syndrome, difficulty in swallowing and aware about major barriers in treating SNPs. About 45% of the dentists felt uncomfortable providing care for such patients, and more than half believe that good communications effective in treatment of SNPs. Majority of participants (89%) did not receive adequate training in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) and cannot manage mentally disable patient in their clinic. Conclusion and recommendation: Dentists had a good knowledge regarding different types of SNPs and best time to treat them, meanwhile they were lacking knowledge about dealing with mild and severe mentally disabled patients. They believe that SNPs should receive equal treatment as any others and agreed about the importance of SCD as a part of undergraduate curriculum Although most of the clinic were lacking the facilities for treating SNPs, some good behavior were recorded like ability of managing physically disabled patient, using of non-pharmacological methods, importance of training special nurse to deal with SNPs and using of special instruments and equipment. It is hoped that future researchers will be able to carry out the issues highlighted by present study.

Social Media Use, Attitude, and Perception of Digital Professionalism among Dental Students at The University of Benghazi

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Social Media Use, Attitude, and Perception of Digital Professionalism among Dental Students at The University of Benghazi Asma, Saad Albaraesi Aims and Objectives The study's primary aim is to assess dental students' usage patterns use of social media, their attitudes, and perceptions of digital professionalism. The secondary objective is to assess the impact of teaching digital professionalism at the University of Benghazi on the attitudes and perceptions of dental students. Materials and Methods: This study used a paper-based questionnaire which was developed and administrated to undergraduate dental students in the academic year 2020/2021 at the faculty of dentistry, Benghazi University. The questionnaire comprised of closeended questions to identify dental students pattern use of different social media platforms: (‘Facebook’, ‘Twitter’, ‘Instagram’, ‘YouTube’, ‘Snapchat’, ‘Telegram’), their privacy setting on each platform, and their perception and attitudes towards digital professionalism (e-professionalism). The data was then compared among those who received and did not receive professionalism lecture. All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25) software at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The number of students responded (N=364) out of 400 students accessed, almost all of them used multiple social media platforms and the most used site was Telegram (98.9%) by followed by Facebook (96.4%), 4th year students more likely to use telegram on daily basis than those in the internship year (P< 0.05). half of the of respondents (57.5%) felt that their online behavior is personal, separate from their life as a dental student, while 71.1% believed that their online behavior would not affect their future job opportunities. Most students 70.9% described social media posts that disclose information about the dental patients to be unprofessional. However, only 6.4% of the students considered communicating with patients on social media as unprofessional behavior which 4th year students were less likely to report this behavior as unprofessional compared to intern students (P-value = 0.026). Furthermore, 52.4% of the students reported that negative comments about the teaching process, staff, or colleagues as unprofessional online behavior. Conclusion: Almost all of the participants in this study used multiple social media sites which confirms the popularity of social media sites in recent years and gives tangible evidence regarding the use of social media among the dental students at the University of Benghazi, with Telegram and Facebook being, respectively, the most popular sites. Most students tend to use their real names when using social media platforms and use a privacy setting to limit their audience. However, a concerning number exhibited a deficit in their reporting of unprofessional online behaviors about maintaining patients' privacy and creating personal-professional boundaries on social media. This study highlights the need to establish policies for the professional and ethical use of social media by the University and emphasizes the need to include digital professionalism teaching to all dental undergraduates.

Food Advertisements and its Potential Impact on Dental Health

Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Food Advertisements and its Potential Impact on Dental Health Aram, Mohamed Elhashem Aims and Objectives: The study's primary aim is to assess the prevalence of food advertisements that are potentially harmful to dental health in the Arab Region. The secondary objectives are to describe the pattern and prevalence of food\drink advertisements according to sugar and acid content and the proportion of these advertisements in holidays and non-holidays with the investigation of the consumption of cariogenic potential of different foods containing sugar and acids. Materials and Methods: Mixed study design was adopted to meet the present study aims. The study included two main parts. The first part includes a content analysis of the records of the most commonly viewed TV channels in the Arab region, in order to describe the pattern and prevalence of food\drink advertisements according to sugar and acid content across the most popular TV channels in the region. The second part is an exploratory survey of Libyan adults to identify their preference and consumption of food\beverage products. Results: A total of 64.51 hours was recorded for the selected television channels, out of 903 adverts for different product types, (n=171, 18.9%) were food adverts, more than half of these food advertisements (53.6%, n=91) were categorized as potentially harmful to dental health, including cariogenic, high in sugar foods and drinks (12.4%, n=21), and both cariogenic and acidogenic (41.2%, n=70). More than half of the recorded adverts (52.3%, 472) were broadcasted on weekend days, and more than one third (56.6%, n=511) were broadcasted on peak time. Libya and other Arab countries have similar habits and diet desires, as the frequent consumption of foods rich in sugars like white bread and sweet snacks makes up the largest proportion of their diet. Comparison of commonly advertised and commonly consumed foods and drinks, it is clear that carbonated drinks and coffee and tea are quite common dietary items. Overall, the study demonstrated that the Libyan adults frequently consumes coffee and tea as well as carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices which are a primary source for sugars and acids causing caries and erosion. Therefore, the present study has important implications for dietary advice provided both at clinical and community settings. The educational message should target these habits in order to promote healthy eating and life-style. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study focus on the nature of food advertising on the most popular TV channels in the Arab region. The overall proportion of food advertisements is low, but more than half of these food advertisements were for products that potentially harmful to dental health and the great bulk were for foods high in both sugar and acid content, with occasionally a high proportion of advertisements during peak viewing time and holidays. Accordingly, the most commonly advertised food products, like carbonated soft drinks and coffee and tea are quite common dietary items and are the most frequently consumed food products by Libyan adults. The results show that Libyan adults frequently consumed food with high sugar and acid content which is harmful to dental health.

AGE ESTIMATION FROM TEETH AMONG BENGHAZI CHILDREN US-ING DEMIRJIAN’S METHOD

Thu, 01 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT

AGE ESTIMATION FROM TEETH AMONG BENGHAZI CHILDREN US-ING DEMIRJIAN’S METHOD Mohamed, Mustafa Kablan Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian’s method in Benghazi chil-dren estimating the chronological age of male and female children between 6 and 16 years of age from panoramic radiographs and to establish a new dental age (DA) curve if the Demirjian’s method was not found to be accurate. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of 250 panoram-ic radiographs of 127 boys and 123 girls between the ages of 6–16 years. All children were placed in the age group closest to their chronological age. The dental age was scored on all seven left mandibular teeth by calibrated examiner. Statistical analyses using the t-test and Pearson correlation were performed. Results: There was no significant difference in both boys and girls in all the age groups be-tween their chronological age and dental age except for age group 6, 7, 15. Even though there was a slight overestimation in boys in some age groups and slight underestimation in girls in some groups, Moreover, correlation analyses for each age group showed a signifi-cant correlation between the chronological age and the dental age, using the Demirjian method, in most age groups (P < 0.01). When comparing the maturation score between boys and girls, the Student’s t-test showed that there were no statistical differences between boys and girls in most age groups. Conclusions: Benghazi boys and girls living in the east region of Libya exhibited similar pattern of dental development when compared to the Demirjian ‘s method. Hence, the Demi-rjian’s method could be used as reference in children from the eastern region of Libya.

Root Canal System of Permanent Maxillary First Molar Among Group of Libyan Population.

Thu, 01 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Root Canal System of Permanent Maxillary First Molar Among Group of Libyan Population. Reem, Abdel Hamed Kablan Objectives: It is critical to have a proper knowledge about the normal anatomy of the pulp and its variations for success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the root canals morphology of Libyan maxillary first molars and check the agreement between different steps of the technique. Materials and Methods: Fifty maxillary first permanent molars were collected from the Central Dental Clinic in Benghazi – Libya. All teeth were extracted from Libyan patients. Access cavities were prepared and canals orifices were located. The samples were subjected to decalcification by 5% nitric acid, clearing by methyl salicylate and dye penetration before studying. The cleared teeth were examined and data related to number of roots, canal type following Vertucci’s classification, presence of lateral canals, presence of inter canals communication and position/number of apical foramina were collected. Results: In the maxillary first molars, 92% of the teeth had three separate roots. The palatal root was fused with the mesiobuccal root and with the distobuccal root in 6% and 2% respectively. A total of 74% of the mesiobuccal root had two canals. Based on Vertucci’s classification the different types of canal identified were: mesiobuucal root Type I (16%), Type II (24%), Type III (4%), Type IV (42%), Type V (4%), Type VI (8%). The distobuccal root displayed Type I (96%), Type II (2%) and Type III 2%. Only one (2%) mesiobuccal root was found to has three canals of additional classification (3-1-3canals). The most prevalent canal configuration in the palatal roots is Type I (98%), where the other 2% is Type V. Apical deltas and Canal intercommunications were more frequent in the mesiobuccal root when compared with distobuccal and palatal roots. Lateral canals were more frequent in the palatal root when compared with the other two roots. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the mesiobuccal root tended to have more variations in the canal system followed by the distobuccal root, whereas the palatal root had the least. The findings in root and canal morphology of this Libyan population were different from previous studies, which may partly be attributed to racial differences.

EFFECT OF PILOCARPINE ON MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS OF RABBITS: A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

Sun, 01 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT

EFFECT OF PILOCARPINE ON MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS OF RABBITS: A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY Hamida, Mohammed Bushaala Back ground: Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic agent with mild β-adrenergic increase the rate of salivation. It is commonly used for treatment of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and post radiation salivary gland hypofunction. The intention of the present work was to describe the effects of Pilocarpine drug which is used as a drug with parasympathomimetic effect and the histological changes during treatment with it. Methods: Eighteen male rabbits were used in this experiment to show the effect of Pilocarpine . Different doses of drug 3mg/kg ,5mg/kg were given to treated groups A and B within the therapeutic limits. The experimental animals were injected intraperitoneally twice daily, for two and six weeks. Samples of the minor salivary glands were processed for light microscopy. Sections of the minor salivary glands were stained with H&E and PAS stains. Statistical analysis was followed to measure the diameter of the secretory acini. Results: The most noticeable changes were significant increase in the diameter of the secretory acini, and vacuolation with foamy appearance of the cells of the acini in treated groups. The PAS positive reaction in the acini was increased as the dose of the drug increased. Conclusion: Pilocarpine as sialogogues drug simulates the effect of parasympathomimetic drugs. The structural histological alterations noticed in this study substantiate the use of Pilocarpine as prophylactic and treated agents in patients suffering from xerostomia , patients receiving radiotherapy at head and neck malignancies, and some diseases like Sjögren's syndrome. Key words: Rabbits, minor salivary glands, histology, Pilocarpine, vacuolation.

Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Libyan Adults. A Cross-Sectional Study

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Libyan Adults. A Cross-Sectional Study Roba, Idris El-Refadi Background: In Libya, assessments of oral health needs were entirely based on traditional clinical measures which failed to identify the perceived impact of oral disorders within population. Objectives: This study intended to study the association of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHQoL) and some of the demographic factors and to reveal out the effect of oral health on the life of Libyan adults among Libyan adults accessing private and government health services. Subjects and Methods: A random sample of 778 adults aged 18-65years, from the outpatient department of private and governmental clinics/hospitals in Benghazi, were subjected to structured questionnaire comprising the Arabic version of the UK-Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHQoL-UK). Results: 63.5% of the participants were females, 36.5% were males. Mean age of the participants were 35 SD±12 years.53.1% of the respondents were from private clinics and hospitals, while 46.9% were from governmental hospitals.Females have been effected more than males in social aspects; marriage, ability of work and finance.. There were no significance differences between both clinical setting attainders regarding physical, psychological and social aspects. Conclusion: The present research found that Libyan adults do not perceive many effects and only perceive moderate impact on their lives, as influenced by oral health. The present study also found that the demographic characteristics of gender influenced their perceptions of effects and impact on oral health.

The association between obesity and dental caries among school children in Benghazi city: A secondary data analysis

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

The association between obesity and dental caries among school children in Benghazi city: A secondary data analysis Intesar, Abdalla Awnalla Introduction: Obesity and caries in children are issues of public health concern. Even though research into the relationship between this two noncommunicable problems has been conducted for many years, to date the results remain equivocal. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between obesity and dental caries among 12-year-old Libyan school children. Methods and subjects: This study is a Secondary Data Analysis (SDA) of data collected as part of a cross-sectional survey conducted among 12-year-old school children in Benghazi city during the year 2017. The data was taken with the permission of the primary author on an excel file. In the light of the aims of the present study, the original dataset was checked for completeness of information. Incomplete data, in which the date of birth, height, or weight were missing, was removed. As a result, the study sample went down from 1,134 to 788. Statistical analysis using SPSS 25 software was conducted to compare caries and obesity, P value for all statistical tests was set at ≤0.05. Results: children who were in underweight had a lower number of decayed teeth and DMFT (0.84, SD=1.27 & 0.93, SD= 1.30, respectively) than normal weight and overweight/ obese children groups which have nearly equal average number of decayed teeth and DMFT (0.93, SD= 1.45 & 1.04, SD= 1.51, 0.94, SD=1.56 & 1.05, SD= 1.61, respectively). Conclusion: Evidence of an association between BMI and caries was inconsistent. The present study found that the average height, weight, BMI and age-adjusted Z score for BMI in caries free children were higher compared to children with dental caries, however, this difference was not statistically significant.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Survey of awareness and management strategies among dental practitioners in Benghazi. Libya

Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Survey of awareness and management strategies among dental practitioners in Benghazi. Libya Hala, Mohammed Nagb Eltarhouni Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to investigate awareness of MIH and its management among dental practitioners. Materials and Methods Across sectional study design was adopted to run a questionnaire-based survey of dentists in Benghazi, between January and April 2021.The participants were drawn from all dentists practicing in city of Benghazi in both private and public dental clinics as well as dental interns at the faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi and Libyan Medical University. The questionnaire used in the present was handled to participants in their practices. The questionnaire covered knowledge about and awareness of MIH as well as treatment concerns and restorative materials options. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software. All statistical tests were conducted at value of 0.05. Results A total of 389 responses out of 500 questionnaires distributed, were received giving a response rate of 79.9%. The majority were females (85%,332) and dentists (73.8%,287). The most commonly reported dental practices were public settings (28.8%,112). Although the majority of respondents indicated familiarity with hypomineralized teeth, they encounter these lesions very often in their practice. Most of respondents are not aware of the prevalence of MIH in Libya, but consider MIH a clinical problem, mainly caused by genetic factors and affect esthetics and diagnosis. A performed crowns and Glass ionomer Cements were the most commonly used materials. Conclusions The current study shows that MIH is a condition commonly encountered the Libyan dental practice. Continuing education courses on MIH condition are required to ensure high -quality care for children with MIH affected teeth.

Pediatric dentists, general dental practitioners, &Intern dental students compliance with antibiotic prescribing guidelines for dental infections in children

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Pediatric dentists, general dental practitioners, &Intern dental students compliance with antibiotic prescribing guidelines for dental infections in children Fatimah, M.A. Alssadig Purpose : To investigate the antibiotic prescribing training received in the past by dentists, clinical experience in treating child patients, awareness of antibiotic prescribing guidelines, and compliance with the antibiotic prescribing guidelines for the management ofdental infectionsinchildren. Method : Across sectional survey was conducted to pediatric dentists, general dental practitioners & intern dental student at faculty of dentistry in Benghazi using a self administrated questionnaire, the survey was approved by institutional review board at university of Benghazi . A self-administered questionnaire consisting of five clinical case scenarioswas answered by pediatric dentists, general dental practitioners and intern dental students in Benghazi responses were compared for each XIII clinical case scenario with the prescribing guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Dental Association. Results : Totally, three hundred ninety five (395) participants had filled the questionnaire in about (15_20 minutes) for each one , only 43.98% of all participants reported that they had training in antibiotic prescribing in the past . pediatric dentists (92.85%) were more likely to report awareness compared with general dental practitioners (71.79%), and only (30.8%) of the intern students show awareness of antibiotic prescribing guidelines . Generally the adherence ranged between 11% and 19%. Highest adherence rate among the pediatric dentists was in case 3 (57%), among GDPs was in case 4 (16.6%), and dental trainees was in case 5 (38%). On the other hand, the lowest adherence for pediatric dentists was in case 5 (14%), among GDPs and dental trainees in case 2 (8%& 19.7%, respectively). Conclusion : The results of this study show low awareness and adherence specially among the general dental practitioners and intern dental students , the pediatric dentists show better adherence to professional guide lines for prescribing antibiotics for dental infections in children.

An assessment of Knowledge ,Attitude ,and Practice of Libyan Mothers towards the Oral Health of Their Children

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

An assessment of Knowledge ,Attitude ,and Practice of Libyan Mothers towards the Oral Health of Their Children Fatma, A. Mahmoud Abdelaati To asses the knowledge, attitude and practice of Libyan mothers towards the oral health of their children, which may be the first step in identifying areas of weakness and trying to change behaviors in order to develop proper oral health outcomes for children in the society. Methods: Across sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of Libyan mothers of preschool children attending public and private health clinics at Benghazi city, during the period between January and June 2021. Self-administrated questionnaire consisting of four sections including 29 questions which took about 10 minutes to complete, was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using SPSS25 software. All statistical tests were set 0.05 significance level. Results: A total of 402 Libyan mothers, who were19 to 52 years old. The majority of respondents were housewives (230,57.2%) who had university education (226,56.2%). Most of participants (363,90%) reported that they did not receive oral health education. In general mothers showed average knowledge score (5.1± 1.8) and lower attitude (3.7± 1.0), and Practice (2.9± 1.1) scores. Significant association found between dental health knowledge, attitude and practice and mothers’ education. In addition, mothers who attend public clinic and those who have 3 children or more showed significantly better oral health practices (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that Libyan mothers have generally inadequate knowledge, non -positive attitude and poor behaviors in relation to oral health of their children. Education and family sized appeased to influence oral health related behaviours.

Oral Health Of Children With Congenital Heart Disease In Comparison With Their Healthy Siblings And Knowledge And Attitude Of Their Parents

Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Of Children With Congenital Heart Disease In Comparison With Their Healthy Siblings And Knowledge And Attitude Of Their Parents Riham, A. M. EL Awami Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are congenital problems that occurring in the heart or its great blood vessels. Some studies found the oral health among children with CHD same as in healthy children, the majority of studies revealed that CHD children have poorer oral health than healthy children. Aim: the aim of this cross sectional comparative study, assessment of oral health status and treatment needs among Libyan children diagnosed with CHD. Materials And Methods: total of 162 children were participated in the study, divided equally into two groups, eighty one children in each group, the first group contain children with CHD, the second group contain their healthy siblings. Caries experience was assessed by using dmft, DMFT indices, oral hygiene assessed by OHI-S, and assessment of developmental dental defects, comparison done between the tow groups. The parents were asked about the oral health practice for their children, the knowledge about the oral health and its relation to cardiac health. Result: the result of the present study shows generally children CHD have higher numbers of decayed, teeth in both primary and permanent dentition, however, the only statically significant differences was observed in primary dentition. Regarding to OHI-S there was significant difference between the two groups. In dental anomalies there was significant difference between the two groups. Regarding to teeth brushing, no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding to parent’s knowledge the parents have poor knowledge about the oral health importance and its relation to cardiac health, and the need for antibiotic prophylaxis before dental treatment.

Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated factors among a group of preschool children in Benghazi

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated factors among a group of preschool children in Benghazi Rema, Farag Haweel Background : dental caries is a public health problem worldwide with significant impact on quality of life particularly among children. Aims and objectives : to explore caries experience and associated factors among Libyan preschool children in the city of Benghazi . materials and methods : this was a descriptive cross- sectional study conducted among children attending preschool nurseries. Result : response rate was 72% , the study included 506 preschool children ,dental caries affecting 59.5% of children, most of dental caries is untreated ,most of parents showed positive attitude toward oral health, conclusions : the prevalence of dental caries is relatively high among Libyan preschool children in Benghazi , parents education is associated with better dental care ,prolonged feeding and increasing sugar consumption are strongly associated with dental caries in preschool children ,children from larger families appeared to be higher risk of dental caries, oral health promotion programs are needed to increase oral health awareness and provide appropriate knowledge.

AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF A GROUP OF LIBYAN SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL TRAUMA

Wed, 01 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF A GROUP OF LIBYAN SCHOOL TEACHERS IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL TRAUMA Reem, Amrajaa M. Alfeetouri Emergency management of dental trauma is one of the important subjects in the field of dentist. The problem of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of Libyan school teachers about emergency management of traumatic dental injury. The study population consists of all of public primary and preparatory schools teachers in the district of Benghazi city. A total of (500) teachers from different schools constituted the sample of the study. A modified questionnaire consisted of three major parts was used to assess the perception of school teachers. A total of (435) questionnaire received, (406) of them (81%) were valid for statistical analysis. Responses obtained from completed questionnaires were tabulated expressed as frequency distributions, and in percentages. Further, the responses were entered on computer, using SPSS. Chi-square test was used to compare the knowledge of teachers. The results of the study revealed that: 1. Knowledge regarding emergency management of dental trauma of primary and preparatory school teachers in Benghazi city is insufficient. 2. The specific area of weakness in teachers‘ knowledge of immediate dental trauma management needs to be emphasized. It has been noticed that management regarding dental trauma is not included in the teaching curriculum. 3. Based on the statistical analysis it was obvious that there no relation between awareness and knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma and the length of service as a teacher, training gained by teachers, and teachers who took first-aid course. The study recommended that educational authorities are advised to direct their efforts toward well-established educational programs & campaigns for teachers about emergency management of dental trauma.

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN IN BENGHAZI, LIBYA

Mon, 01 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT

ORAL HEALTH STATUS OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN IN BENGHAZI, LIBYA Rania, Mohammed Bu Khazam Introduction: Visual impairment is a serious global problem with approximately 14 million children are blind and 1.5 million children consider to be visually impaired. Keeping a good oral health has been a challenge in this population. Maintaining good oral hygiene is one of many daily living tasks that visually impaired children struggle to learn. Therefore, it is important for visual impaired children to practice an oral hygiene in order to minimise the risk of oral health problems. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of school aged visually impaired children in comparison to sighted children in Benghazi, Libya and to compare the oral health knowledge of their parents/caregiver before and after oral hygiene instructions. Methods: Cross sectional study that included 44 visually impaired and 102 sighted students aged 6-15 years old. The study was conducted in two separate periods of time (phase1 and 2). In both phases, a survey was completed by the parents/ guardians, oral health examination, Assessment of dental caries, gingival health, dental plaque and dental calculus to evaluate the oral hygiene for each subject Results: Showed that the visually impaired children had relatively higher average dental caries experience than their healthy control group, though it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Likewise, the score for gingival index and debris index were higher among visually impaired children but not the scores of calculus index which was relatively higher among healthy children. In Comparison of average gingival index score before and after received the oral hygiene instructions. It is clear that there is a marginal decrease in the average score following the provision of oral hygiene instructions. All differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Visually impaired children have poor plaque control, gingivitis, and dental caries, as well as difficulty obtaining health care professionals. In order to reduce plaque and avoid caries, they require substantial oral health education programs. Physical, social, or informational barriers associated to the visual impairment or accompanying medical problems, as well as, a lack of information in an appropriate format may affect oral health. Key words: Visual impairment, Blindness, Oral health, Oral hygiene, Caries experience, Dental plaque, Gingivitis.

Age Estimation in Libyan Children Based on Dental Panoramic Radiography

Wed, 01 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Age Estimation in Libyan Children Based on Dental Panoramic Radiography Ayman, Salem Najem Background: Age estimation plays a key role in human identification process, and guiding police investigations. Tooth development is widely used in determining age and state of maturity. Dental age is of high importance in forensic and pediatric dentistry and also orthodontic treatment planning. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Cameriere method on estimating chronological age of a Libyan sample of 6-year-old up to 13-year-old children through analysis of panoramic radiographs on teeth, considering the relationship between age and measurements of open apices teeth. Materials and methods: Orthopantomographic images of 156 radiographs were selected for the study of which 76 were belonging to boys and 80 girls children. Dental age of the subjects was determined through Cameriere method. Differences and correlations between chronological and dental ages were assessed by paired t-tests and Pearson’s correlation analysis, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict chronologic age in Libyan from 6-13 years children population. Results: High positive correlation was found between chronologic age and dental age (as assessed by Cameriere's formula) with r values 0.882, 0.975, and 0.758 for total, girls and boys study population respectively. The mean dental age assessed by Cameriere's method was significantly lower than chronologic age in the Libyan population with boys and the total study population (p < 0.05). Six out of nine parameters were significantly associated with chronologic age (R2=0.996, F(6,155)= 2792.023, p<0.01).

Knowledge and Attitude of Benghazi Contact Sport coaches about Sport -Related Dental Emergencies and Prevention

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge and Attitude of Benghazi Contact Sport coaches about Sport -Related Dental Emergencies and Prevention Iman, Khaled Elareibi Aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are commonly seen in contact sport players. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of coaches on how to manage and prevent TDIs is crucial for minimizing unwanted consequences. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of contact sport coaches in the city of Benghazi about TDIs and their prevention. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional survey was carried out among all reachable contact sport coaches in public and private sports centers in Benghazi. A paper-based self-administrated questionnaire consisted of 26 question about knowledge, experience and attitude towards TDIs and prevention methods was distributed to all participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics, at p value ≤0.05

Study of some Trace Elements in Sound and Carious Enamel of Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children in Benghazi City

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Study of some Trace Elements in Sound and Carious Enamel of Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children in Benghazi City Omima, Abdulhamid Omran Back ground: Dental enamel is the hardest structures in human body that covered the anatomical crown of the tooth and it contains a large number of minor inorganic constituents and trace elements in a varying quantity. The importance of the trace elements in the prevention and reduction of dental caries has not yet been established fully although various studies had been performed to find the link between trace elements and dental caries in human teeth. Aim: Estimation of some trace elements in sound and carious enamel of primary and permanent teeth of children in Benghazi and evaluation of correlation between the presence of caries and these trace elements. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of the 18 trace elements, F, Sr, K, Al, Si, Ni, B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Cr, Zn, Mg, Se, Pb, Mo, and V were estimated by ICP-MS, in a sample composed of 48 sound and caries permanent and primary teeth which were collected from patients attended to different private and governmental dental clinics in Benghazi city. The collected powder samples were divided into four groups (A, B, C, and D) with 12 samples included in each group according to the type of the teeth whether permanent or primary and the conditions of the teeth either sound or caries. Results: The study revealed that the most common trace elements detected in both sound and carious permanent teeth in this study were Sr, followed by K, F and Al while, the least observed trace elements were Mg, Cr, Co & Cu. The results also showed that the most common trace elements found in both sound and carious primary teeth were Sr, followed by K,F and B while the least observed trace elements were Mg, Cr, Co & Fe. By comparing the results, it was concluded that sound primary teeth had significantly higher amount of Mn, V, B, Si, Fe, Cu & Ni (p<0.05). Sound permanent teeth have higher amount of Al, Sr, Cr, F, K & Mg (p<0.05), while caries primary teeth showed higher amount of V & Cu (p<0.05). Caries permanent teeth had significantly higher amount of Al, Sr, B, Mn, K, F Ni, Fe & Cr (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support the previous studies about the importance of fluoride as a protective factor against dental caries. Furthermore, beside F, both V and Mn elements may have a cariostatic effect. Al could be cariostatic since it was present in high concentration in sound primary teeth but caries promoting element in permanent teeth. Also B could have a cariostatic effect on primary teeth, whereas Si could formulated as carious predisposing element in permanent teeth and cariostatic element in primary teeth. Keywords: Enamel, Trace elements, Dental caries.

Evaluation the Effect of Chemical Disinfectants on Denture Base Resin and Testing of Their Effect in Hardness and Surface Ruoghness: An In vitro Study.

Thu, 01 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation the Effect of Chemical Disinfectants on Denture Base Resin and Testing of Their Effect in Hardness and Surface Ruoghness: An In vitro Study. Fuad, Ayad Bouhuwish Introduction; Acrylic resin (PMMA) is extensively used material in different branches of dentistry. Most dentures are made up from acrylic resins because of its ease of manipulation and low price, in spite of its benefits, PMMA is not an ideal material, with surface roughness, discoloration and hardness being three drawbacks.Accumulation of biofilm as a consequence of poor denture hygiene, which in turn leads to onset of several systemic and oral infections.Denture cleansing is necessary for removal of biofilm from dentures. Denture cleansing can be achieved mechanically by manual brushing, chemically involving wide varieties of chemical agents, and by combination of both. Aims:The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of disinfectants (5% sodium hypochlorite, 00.12% chlorahexidine and 6% hydrogen peroxide) on elimination of (C.albicans ,Staph, Aures and Strept. Mutans) from heat-cure acrylic resin surface by 10 minutes immersion and in the same time study of their effect on hardness and roughness of denture surface. Material and Method:The samples were prepared using a putty former filled with base plate wax, then invested with a dental stone in metallic dental flasks. The resin was manipulated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Polishing was done in one surface of the samples, and the other surface was left unpolished. The microorganism has been clinically isolated by swab from oral cavity and allowed to grow in their selected culture using incubator. Specimens were separately placed in petri-dishes with respective culture. The samples has been divided into three main groups according to types of disinfectant, all samples has been placed again into incubator for 24h to allowing the microorganism grow over the rough surface. Then, each group divided again into three subgroups. Each sub group contains six samples. Five samples for each sub-group were colonized in the laboratory by, Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus Mutans ,and Candida Alibicans spp. Respectively, the remained single sample will be considered as control sample. After colonization of microorganisms each group has been disinfected by corresponding disinfectant for 10 minutes, and then incubated again for 24 hours. After that the petri-dishes with samples were checked for re-colonization of microorganism as respect to disinfectant agent. The hardness test was also evaluated by Vicker test machine after 10 minutes of immersion in disinfectant. The roughness has been evaluated by surface profilometer. Results: The microbiological test had shown that all selected microorganisms have been eliminated by all disinfectants except strept., which shown a resistance to hydrogen peroxide. all disinfectants shown a significant difference in comparison to control samples which was immersed in distilled water, this was for both hardness and surface roughness. However, there was no significant difference between tested groups. Conclusion: From economic point of view the 5% sodium hypochlorite is cheaper than the other disinfectants and it is available in every market whereas, the other disinfectants (chlorahexidine and hydrogen peroxide) are more expensive and only found in certain places. Therefore, it can be recommended that the 5% sodium hypochlorite is most appropriate disinfected agent in prosthodontics to clean dentures; this finding was supported and approved by many researchers.

Evaluation the effect of thickness on tear strength of some types of alginate impression and compare their dimensional accuracy with addition silicone after repeated pouring

Mon, 06 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation the effect of thickness on tear strength of some types of alginate impression and compare their dimensional accuracy with addition silicone after repeated pouring Najla, H. Abd alraheem Alginate impression material is widely used in dentistry due to its low cost and ease of use. However, the disadvantage of hydrocolloid impression materials is their dimensional change and low tear strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of the dental cast obtained from the alginate, addition silicone impression of the acrylic model after repeated pouring, and the dimensional stability of the alginate impression after different storage times(1/8 day, 3days, 5days and 9days). The tear strength of alginate impression materials of different thicknesses was also evaluated (2mm, 3mm and 4mm).Regarding the dimensional stability, the analysis showed that repeated pouring of impression materials had no statistically significant effect on dimensional stability where p > 0.05, with the exception of the conventional type. Also, the analysis showed there was no significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 5 days of alginmex impression, Also there was no significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 9 days of cavex impression materials, where the p-value > 0.05. While there was a significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 9 days of alginmex impression. In tear strength analysis, there was no significant difference in tear strength between three different thicknesses of alginate impression materials, Where the p-value was (0.611,0.969, 0.516) for alginmax, cavex, and conventional materials respectively. Conclusion: clinically acceptable casts can be obtained by the double pour of new-generation alginate materials. The dimensional stability of alginate impressions was directly influenced by the type of alginate and the time of poured the impressions after the different storage times. Alginmax could be poured after 5 days and Cavex impression could be poured after 9 days of storage with no significant dimensional changes. There is no difference in tear strength between the three different thicknesses of each type of alginate impression material.

EVALUATION THE AMOUNT OF FLOURID RELEASED FROM PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT MATERIAL (IN VITRO-STUDY)

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

EVALUATION THE AMOUNT OF FLOURID RELEASED FROM PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT MATERIAL (IN VITRO-STUDY) Turkiyah, Abdulkafi Abdulnabi Alkwafi Background: Pit and fissure caries are the most prevalence of dental caries in permanent and primary posterior teeth. Application of sealant containing fluoride is a preventive approach providing a physical barrier against dental caries. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the amount of fluoride release from two available pit and fissure sealant materials (Transeal- F, (B) for Conseal- F.), Materials and Method: Eighty specimens were prepared from two tested materials were immersion in artificial saliva for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The recharge of the sealant materials were evaluated after 14 days in mouthwash (potassium nitrate fluoride) and toothpaste (Sensodyne pro-enamel). The prepared specimens were kept in 20ml artificial saliva and incubate at 370C. The fluoride released was measured using spectrophotometry method. The results were statistically analyzed by using (one-way ANOVA) and T-testes. Results: The quantity of fluoride released was higher in 1stday for both samples .The Transeal-F group showed slightly higher fluoride release than Conseal-F. In 7th day the fluoride released from Conseal-F group was higher than that of 1st day while, Transeal-F showed lower fluoride released. At 28th day the amount of fluoride released in both groups was lowest value. In recharging analysis the Transeal-F samples showed slightly higher fluoride release than that of Conseal-F samples in both mouthwash and toothpaste, there was no significant difference between two recharging medium. The less amount of fluoride released after recharging found in day fourteen in comparison to that of first and seven day. The recharging ability in current study seems to be not effective, since it showed continues decrease of fluoride amount compared with that of day 28. Conclusion: The ability of restorative materials for recharging by fluoride found to be depending on the material composition, the incidence of fluoride exposure, the kind and concentration of fluoride agent used.

Microleakage Assessment of Single Cone Gutta Percha Obturation Technique Using Different Types of Sealers

Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Microleakage Assessment of Single Cone Gutta Percha Obturation Technique Using Different Types of Sealers Anas, Samir A. Elatrash Introduction: Endodontic sealers play a critical role in providing an impervious seal and creating a fluid-tight apical and coronal seal to prevent microleakage which can potentially lead to treatment failure. Voids in the sealer mass have the potential to allow leakage through obturation. They are more serious in single cone (SC) obturation as the volume of sealer used in this obturation is large. Aim: To compare the coronal and apical seal of canals obturated with different root canal sealers and to evaluate gaps or voids occurring in roots filled with different root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: One hundred extracted human upper molars with fully formed and sound palatal roots were used in the study. Sixty teeth were used for microleakage test and the other forty teeth were subjected to voids detection test. The crown of each tooth was decoronated at cement-enamel junction and the palatal root canal was prepared using ProTaper gold rotary instruments. For microleakage testing: Sixty specimens were used and divided into 3 equal groups(n=20) for SC obturation using two different types of epoxy resin sealers AH26 and vioseal sealers respectively and one control group without sealer. All the specimens were exposed dye penetration test using 2% methylene blue dye. Samples were then evaluated under a stereomicroscope to detect the linear measurement of the dye penetration from the apical constriction. For voids detection test: The remaining forty samples were divided into two groups each group (n=20) for SC obturation using AH26 and vioseal sealers respectively. The obturated teeth were sectioned at apical, middle, and coronal third, and area of voids in the sealer was assessed using a stereomicroscope. The collected data was statistically analysis by using Graph Pad Instat software for windows. One-way ANOVA was done for compared time followed by Tukey‘s pair-wise if showed significant for leakage results. Two-way analysis of variance was performed for gap results. Student t-test was done between groups at different regions for gap. Correlation between leakage and gap/voids area was performed by Pearson correlation test. Results showed that for microleakage assessment, the difference in dye penetration microleakage means between groups was statistically significant as revealed by one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). Pair-wise Tukey‘s post-hoc test showed non-significant (p>0.05) difference between (AH26 and Vioseal sealers) groups. For gap/voids area area (μm2) for both sealer groups regardless to radicular regions, it was found that vioseal sealer recorded statistically significant higher mean value of gap area than AH26 sealer. Totally irrespective of sealer type it was found that coronal region recorded the highest mean value of gap area followed by apical region mean value. There was a statistically significant direct correlation between leakage and gap/voids area as proved by Pearson correlation test. Conclusion none of the tested root canal sealers could eliminate the dye infiltration or microleakage formation. Single cone gutta-percha combined with AH26 sealer exhibited less microleakage than vioseal sealer. Key words: AH26, Vioseal, root canal sealer, single cone obturation, microleakage, voids

EFFECT OF INSERTION TECHNIQUES ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF LOW-SHRINKAGE (Silorane) COMPOSITE RE-STORATIVE MATERIALS

Thu, 01 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT

EFFECT OF INSERTION TECHNIQUES ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF LOW-SHRINKAGE (Silorane) COMPOSITE RE-STORATIVE MATERIALS Asma, H E Abdelmawla Objective: to evaluate the shear bond strength of low shrinkage (Silorane) based composite with different insertion techniques (layering and bulk) and storage conditions (wet, dry) and compare with conventional methacrylate composites. Materials and methods: 108 specimens were fabricated by used cylindrical shaped mould for SBS test, prepared from three types of composite materials, low shrinkage (Filtek Silorane), and two MBCs resins, Tetric EvoCeram, and Filtek Supreme resin composites, subdivided to 12 groups according to insertion technique (layering, bulk) and the storage condition (wet, dry at ±37℃ for one week) (n=9/groups). The SBS were measured with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Ultimate shear strength data (MPa) from all tested groups were submitted to analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and the Tukey test (p = 0.05). The fractured surfaces of the test samples were visually evaluated by a light microscope at 20 and 40 times magnification. Fractures were classified as either adhesive or cohesive or mixed. Results: Filtek Supreme (MBCs) specimens inserted in bulk technique and stored dry showed the highest mean SBS (36.45 MPa) values. Silorane and Tetric Ceram (MBCs) were lower in their all groups (26.45, 26.78, 27.50 MPa for Silorane, 27.51, 27.02, 27.29, 28.21 MPa for Tetric Ceram resin specimens) except for Silorane specimens inserted in layers which was further decreased by wet storage (21.90 MPa), this was slightly similar to the result of Filtek Supreme specimens inserted in layers and stored dry, which showed the lowest (21.35 MPa) SBS among the groups. Conclusion: insertion technique type and storage condition didn’t significantly affect SBS of Silorane resin in compare with methacrylate resin, except for the specimens inserted in layers and wet condition, there was a significant decrease in SBS values. This finding support the clinical reliability of insertion the Silorane composite in bulk with a cavity deeper than 2 mm depth.

Knowledge, attitude and practices toward prevention of hepatitis B virus infection among dental students at university of Benghazi

Tue, 01 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge, attitude and practices toward prevention of hepatitis B virus infection among dental students at university of Benghazi EBTISAM, MOHAMED MASOOD BANKIA Background: Hepatitis B poses a major health concern and is the world’s most common blood borne viral infection placing dental professionals at higher occupational risk. Aims and objectives: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection among dental students at university of Benghazi. Material and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among dental students of university of Benghazi registered in academic year of 2018/2019. Data analysis was in the form of frequency and percentage and chisquare test were done. Results: The study included 500 dental Students. The response rate was 73.5%, 79% were females. Overall, the participants showed good level of knowledge about HBV-related issues. level of knowledge regarding mode of HBV transmission was found to be fairly acceptable percentage , the subjects showed positive attitude. Also the response of dental students to the use of personal protective equipment was adequate and 93% of the students were vaccinated. Conclusions: The students had reasonable knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards HBV. Areas of insufficient knowledge needed to be reinforced included some modes of transmission of HBV, and last comprehensive extended sampling of dental students from all the dental collages as well as medical, nursing schools should be recommended in the future not only for HBV but all the infectious diseases especially on the COVID 19.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CAVITY DISINFECTANTS ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITES TO DENTIN

Wed, 23 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CAVITY DISINFECTANTS ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITES TO DENTIN NADA, FARAG SANUSSI AL-SHUKRI Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on dentin shear bond strengths of composite resin applied with two different adhesive approaches. Materials and Methods: eighty caries free third molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal surface to expose mid-coronal dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups of twenty teeth each. GP1 is control group (no treatment), groups 2,3, and 4 dentin surfaces were treated with the following cavity disinfectants, respectively; 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (CHX), 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 0.15% benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Each group from Gp1 to Gp4 was further divided into two subgroups (𝑛 =10 per sup group) according to the adhesive approaches. Ten specimens were bonded with the total-etch approach and the other ten specimens were bonded with self-etching approach. Then resin composite was applied incrementally to the treated dentin surface into cylindrically-shaped Teflon tube (3mm diameter × 3mm height) then polymerized with LED curing unit. After the specimens were stored in an incubator for 24 h, the shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The bond strength data were analyzed with one way analysis of variance ANOVA and independent sample t test. Results: Statistical analysis found that treated dentin surface with different cavity disinfectant resulted in higher shear bond strength compared with the control group (the lowest SBS value 7.58± 0. 85) obtained for the untreated dentin surface (control group). Among the cavity disinfectant groups, the highest SBS was recorded for Tantum (13, 39 ±7.59) group. For the three types of cavity disinfectant, total-etch approach showed higher bond strength than self-etch approach. Conclusion: Treated the dentin surface with cavity disinfectant before adhesive bonding improved the shear bond strength between resin composite and dentin surface in particular with the total-etch adhesive approach. Keywords: bond strength, adhesive, composite resin, cavity disinfection.

The Effect of Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques on the Colour Masking and Surface Roughness of Induced Enamel Lesions

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

The Effect of Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques on the Colour Masking and Surface Roughness of Induced Enamel Lesions Nada, Ali Almah Obead Aim of the study: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the resin infiltration technique and remineralization of induced enamel caries with fluoride solution on the color masking of white spot lesions and the surface roughness. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 sound teeth were used in this study. All the teeth were sectioned along the long axes into two halves lingual and buccal halves to get 90 specimens. All specimens were immersed in demineralized solution for seven days. The specimens were devided randomly into three equal groups (n=30) according to the type of treatment; Group 1 (n=30) was treated with fluoride varnish(Clinpro). Group 2 (n=30) was treated by resin infiltration (Icon); Group 3 (n=30): was used as a control group with no treatment. The color and surface roughness were measured three times at baseline (T1), directly after artificial WSLs (T2), directly after application of the treatment options (T3). The colors were measured using a portable reflective spectrophotometer and the 3D surface roughness was measured using a Light Sectioning Vision System. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using T test and Mann Whitney u test. The results: Surface roughness was almost equal in the study groups with no statistically significant differences reported. Icon showed slightly higher color scores than that of ClinPro. Conclusions: The Icon produced favorable esthetic results compared to the fluoride therapy while no significant differences were reported regarding the surface roughness. Key words: WSL, resin infiltration, fluoride, color masking, surface roughness.

INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE RESIN PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES ON MICRO LEAKAGE AT THE GINGIVAL SEAT OF CLASS II CAVITY PREPARATION

Mon, 01 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT

INFLUENCE OF COMPOSITE RESIN PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES ON MICRO LEAKAGE AT THE GINGIVAL SEAT OF CLASS II CAVITY PREPARATION MANAL, IBRAHIM FARAJ HASAN Aim of the study: To evaluate the microleakage at the gingival seat of the proximal class II cavity prepared at 1mm distance above the cement enamel junction restored with bulk fill composite resin material using different placement techniques. Materials and Methods: Forty sound extracted human permanent premolars used in the study. Standardized class II cavities (occluso-mesial and occluso- distal ) were prepared in each tooth, with the cervical margin of the proximal box located 1 mm occlusal to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The teeth were randomly distributed to four groups with 10 specimens each (n=20 cavities) according to packing techniques. In each group, a total-etch adhesive was applied, followed by composite resin that was applied according to; Group I: using bulk technique, Group II: horizontal layering technique, Group III: wedge - shaped layering technique, Group IV: vertical layering technique. All restored specimens were soaked in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, and sectioned for microleakage evaluation using stereomicroscope. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. scanning electron microscope ( SEM) for marginal adaptation and the presence or absence of gaps formed at the margins and of eight samples selected as two sample from each group in the study. The images were taken of the gingival margin at a magnification of1000x. The result : showed no statistical significant differences (p=.610) on comparison of microleakage score by different technique, but it was noticed that bulk technique had the highest mean and median for microleakage score (3.0+- 1.451 &4)and the horizontal, vertical and oblique techniques had the lowest mean scores. Conclusions: Microleakage could not be completely eliminated by any of the testing packing techniques used in the study even with the newly developed Bulk-fill composite resin material. Horizontal packing technique showed the best results in terms of marginal seal with Bulk-fill composit. Key words: Microleakage, Class II, Bulk- fills composite, Composite placement Techniques

Clinical Comparison on Detection of Dental Caries by Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth (DMFT) System and International Caries Diagnosis and Assessment System (ICDAS) on Some Dental Students in Benghazi City.

Thu, 01 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Clinical Comparison on Detection of Dental Caries by Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth (DMFT) System and International Caries Diagnosis and Assessment System (ICDAS) on Some Dental Students in Benghazi City. Gatrelnada, M M Elsharkasi Background and Aim: The common method of caries status evaluation is the number of decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Recently the International Caries Diagnosis and Assessment System (ICDAS) has been introduced for a detailed evaluation of the dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries status with this new system while comparing it with the DMF index as a common method for caries evaluation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross‐sectional design study was performed to evaluate the caries status. The participants were conveniently selected from 500 dental students attending the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. A single trained and calibrated examiner using a dental mirror and a WHO probe per the DMFT, ICDAS index systems, performed the examination. The numbers of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth were recorded in DMFT form. In the ICDAS, the evaluation of teeth status was carried out in pit and fissure surfaces in dry and wet situations according to the codes of this system. Paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used to compare between DMFT and ICDAS indices. Results: All participants had caries experience (DMFT>0). The ICDAS index showed that participants had some form of caries in different phases of caries progression and extension. No statistically significant differences in numbers of missing teeth due to caries (p=0.854) or filled teeth (p=0.166). On the other hand, ICDAS index revealed significantly higher numbers of decayed teeth and the overall score than DMFT Index (p≤0.001). The correlation test revealed statistically significant correlation between numbers of carious, filed teeth and missing teeth according to DMFT and ICDAS index (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The inclusion of non-cavitated lesions during the caries evaluation by ICDAS represents a challenge in diagnosis, which allows for control of this process before the evolution of these lesions to cavitation and promotes advanced preventive therapies. DMFT index underestimates lesions that do not require any invasive treatment.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on shear bond strength of composite resin to caries affected dentin

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on shear bond strength of composite resin to caries affected dentin Ghalia, Omran Farag Ejakah Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution gains popularity in clinical practice. Little known whether its combination with potassium iodide (KI) will affect adhesion to dentin and does KI reverse silver diamine fluoride staining Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide treatment on the bond strength of composite resin to artificial caries affected dentin and effect of KI on dentin discoloration caused by SDF. Material and methods: 90 dentin samples prepared of 2mm thickness were prepared from extracted human molars and divided into three groups(n=30) based on dentin surface treatment as follows:(1) SDF pretreatment of dentin ;(2)SDF+KI pretreatment of dentin;(3) dentin without treatment color assessment was recorded. Composite resin was built on all samples and shear bond strength was tested. XIII Result: pretreatment of affected dentin with SDF, SDF+KI increased SBS and statically significant. Potassium iodide following SDF masked discoloration of affected dentin caused by SDF. Conclusion: pretreatment of affected dentin with SDF, SDF+KI doesn’t adversely affect shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin and it was statically significant and treatment of affected dentin with KI immediately after SDF treatment significantly reduced the discoloration caused by SDF. Key words: silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, affected dentin, discoloration, shear bond strength

EFFECT OF FINISHING &POLISHING PROCEDURES ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS &MICROHARDNESS OF RESIN COMPOSITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

Tue, 06 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

EFFECT OF FINISHING &POLISHING PROCEDURES ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS &MICROHARDNESS OF RESIN COMPOSITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS Rehab, Mohamed Hamed Akhlaif Aim: To evaluate the effect of three different finishing and polishing (F&P) systems; Fine diamond bur, Sof-lex discs and Astropol® cups & discs on the surface roughness and microhardness of four resin composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared in metal mold using four resin composite materials and stored in distilled water at 37˚C for 24 h. The specimens were then divided into four experimental groups (n=40) according to the type of resin composite. Group1: Microhybrid composite (Dynamic Plus), Group2: Nanohybrid (Nexcomp), Group3: Supernano composite (ESTELITE Σ QUICK), and Group4: Nanoceram composite (ZENIT). For each type of resin composite the forty specimens were divided into four sub-groups (A, B, C, & D) based on the type of finishing and polishing procedure as follow; A: Sandpaper, B: Fine diamond bur C: Astropol® cups & discs (two–step) F&P system, and D: Sof-lex discs (four–step) F&P system. The surface roughness measurements were made for all resin composite specimens using USB digital surface profile gauge and data were recorded using computer software (Elcomaster 2, Elcometer Instruments). Surface Micro-hardness of the specimens was determined using Digital Display Vickers Micro-Hardness Tester. The measurements were calculated and the obtained data statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Two-way ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among composite materials using different F&P systems. Tukey`s Post hoc test was used for pair-wise comparisons between the means. Results: Significant differences in surface roughness and microhardness were found according to the type of F&P systems and resin composites (P<0.05). The smoothest surface value was recorded for nanoceramic composite. The highest microhardness value was obtained with microhybrid composite finished with the Soflex discs (four-step) F&P systems. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results it can be conclude that F&P procedure greatly affect the surface roughness and microhardness of the tested resin composite materials. Nanoceram and supernano composite exhibited the lowest surface roughness values, while nanohybrid composite exhibited the highest surface roughness value among the tested composites when finished with Soflex F&P system. Microhybrid composite exhibited the highest microhardness. The smoothest surface finish was obtained when using fine diamond bur particular with supernano and nanoceramic composites. The one step procedures exhibited the best result. Keywords: Resin composites, finishing and polishing system, surface roughness, microhardness.

Intérêts de l’utilisation des mini-vis orthodontiques en tant qu’ancrage indirect dans la correction de l’égression d’incisives

Wed, 01 Jun 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Intérêts de l’utilisation des mini-vis orthodontiques en tant qu’ancrage indirect dans la correction de l’égression d’incisives Ishihara, Yoshihito; Yamashiro, Takashi

Intérêts de l’utilisation des mini-vis orthodontiques en tant qu’ancrage indirect dans la correction de l’égression d’incisives...

Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Intérêts de l’utilisation des mini-vis orthodontiques en tant qu’ancrage indirect dans la correction de l’égression d’incisives... Ishihara, Yoshihito; Kuroad, Shingo; Sugawara, Yasuyo; Balam, Tarek A.; Yamamoto, Teruko Takano