Department of Earth Sciences

Master Thesis Geochemical Evaluation of the BirTlacsin Formation at Ghat Area Murzuq Basin, SW Libya.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Geochemical Evaluation of the BirTlacsin Formation at Ghat Area Murzuq Basin, SW Libya. Yousef, Muftah Bokereis The objective of the present study is the geochemical assessment of the Bir Tlacsin Formation at Ghat area, SW Libya. This assessment includes the depositional environment, paleo-oxygenation, paleoclimate, paleosalinity, provenance, tectonic setting, organic matter richness, kerogen type and thermal maturity. The field trips included five surface sections for the formation (Wadi Maghidat, Wadi Tashat, Wadi Anlakm, Wadi Iggiten, and Wadi Awzarq). This formation consists of sandstone and shale units. The sandstones are mainly greywackes. The observed clay minerals in the studied shales are smectite, kaolinite, gibbsite and chlorite. These minerals are the main carrier of TOC. The Th/Cr, Th/Sc and Th/Co ratios and the provenance discrimination diagrams indicated that the felsic (granitic) rocks found in the Air Mountains, central Niger, may be the possible source of the Bir Tlacsin Formation. Based on the ICV values, the shales are thermally immature whereas the sandstones are thermally submature to mature. Moreover, the organic geochemical data showed that the organic matter are thermally immature. The organic matter are essentially of marine origin. The Zr/Hf, Hf/Ta, Zr/Ta and B/Ga ratios indicated that the Bir Tlacsin Formation was deposited in a high salinity marine environment. Based on the trace element, Pr/Ph, Pr/n- C17 and Ph/n-C18 ratios the anoxic conditions were prevalent during deposition. The paleoclimate prevailing in the source area was almost semi-arid to semi-humid. The tectonic environment is essentially continental (active continental margin (C) and passive continental margin (D)). Generally, the shales are good source rocks. The discrimination diagrams showed that kerogen type II is the basic type in the shale samples. The hydrocarbons are mainly migrated (nonindigenous).

Master Thesis Lithofacies Identification and Reservoir Quality Variation of the Lower Acacus Formation, Concession NC100, Ghadames Basin, NW Libya.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Lithofacies Identification and Reservoir Quality Variation of the Lower Acacus Formation, Concession NC100, Ghadames Basin, NW Libya. NAJM EDEEN, IDREES ELRAHEL By viewing and describing the available 215ft of cores cut in Lower Acacus Formation from five wells in the study area (concession NC100), Ghadames Basin, NW Libya, the Lower Acacus Formation is divided into five lithofacies types including; 1) Bioturbated marine silty shale lithofacies, 2) Reworked marine sandstone lithofacies, 3) Distal delta front silty sandstone lithofacies, 4) Proximal delta front – coastal sandstone lithofacies, 5) Fluvial channel sandstone lithofacies. Furthermore, on the basis of GR-log motifs these identified lithofacies were grouped into four major categories, which are: 1) 1st category represented by bell shape GR-log motif corresponds with the fluvial channel lithofacies, 2) 2nd category of funnel shape GR-log motif corresponds with the gradational sequence of the shaly siltstone of distal delta front at the base to proximal delta front-coastal lithofacies at the top, 3) 3rd category of spiky shale GR-log motif corresponds to reworked marine sandstone lithofacies and 4) 4th category of thinly serrated to smooth “featureless” GR-log motif corresponds to bioturbated marine shale lithofacies. Suits of wireline logs were used to construct stratigraphic cross sections to reveal the paleogeography of the study area “concession NC100” and to examine the lateral relationships between sandstone units or lithofacies packages identified in cores.

Master Thesis Petrography and Geochemistry of Cherts, Al Jabal al Akhdar, NE Libya.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Petrography and Geochemistry of Cherts, Al Jabal al Akhdar, NE Libya. Mailod, Ahmed Mohammed Baker This work discusses the petrographical and geochemical characteristics of the siliceous deposits (chert) at Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE, Libya. These deposits exist in Al Athrun, Apollonia, Darnah and Wadi Qattarah formations. Petrographically, the siliceous materials in the chert samples are radiolarian shells in Al Athrun Formation, sponge spicules and microcrystalline quartz in Apollonia and Darnah formations, and microcrystalline quartz in Wadi Al Qattarah Formation, which support the biogenic origin of the cherts (except for Wadi Al Qattarah Formation). Geochemically, the studied cherts display ratios of seawater and biogenic silica almost similar to Si/(Si+Fe+Al+Ca) (0.59-0.96), Ge/Si (0.41-0.65), Hf/Ta (1.32-2.43), Zr/Ta (117.14-357.96), and Zr/Hf (56.55-161.23). This interpretation is further supported by the discrimination diagrams. The studied cherts fall under the non-hydrothermal type. The V/Cr, Ni/Co and U/Th ratios indicate that the studied formations were deposited under oxic conditions. Climatic conditions of semi-humid prevailed during the deposition of the cherts. The presence of clay minerals in the cherts is supported by the low K2O/Al2O3 ratio and the positive correlation between Al2O3 and K2O + Na2O. The main tectonic settings are C and D (active continental margin and passive margin, respectively).

Master Thesis Seismic Attributes Analysis to Enhance 3-D Seismic Data Interpretation of Upper Cretaceous Succession in Bualwan, Dor Mansour Fields,Western Sirt Basin, Libya

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Seismic Attributes Analysis to Enhance 3-D Seismic Data Interpretation of Upper Cretaceous Succession in Bualwan, Dor Mansour Fields,Western Sirt Basin, Libya Mohammed, Najeeb Faraj El-Farsi The generation of seismic attributes has enabled to better interpret certain geologic features. Analysis was on attributes computed from 3D seismic data of Bualwan, Dor Mansour oil fields, with support from well logs. The ultimate goal in this multiattribute analysis is to produce a more accurate interpretation. The integration of the attributes has increased confidence in the seismic mapping horizons of Upper Cretaceous succession with their fault polygon, modeled, automatic fault techniques, fault patches, 3D structural grids and the other numerous subtle lineaments, which were difficult to identify in the input data. Seismic attributes like Variance seem to be very suitable for defining structural elements. Chaos attribute highlights areas where the seismic shows large variation in the locally estimated dip and azimuth. Structural smoothing is to reduce the noise and enhance quality. Ant tracking is applied on the Chaos and structural smoothing volume attribute to search of high energy surfaces (fault planes). 3DEE (3D edge enhancement) helped to increase number of faults manually detected and enhance their resolution

Master Thesis Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya Mohamed, Moftah Omar Buazza III ABSTRACT The present work attempts to characterize the petrography and geochemistry of the Quaternary calcarenite (Gargaresh Formation) along the Mediterranean Coast from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya. The Gargaresh Formation can be subdivided into two members: Kaam Member (upper member) and Karrot Member (lower member). Both of these members are detected in the studied coast. The Karrot Member on its cliffs on the shoreline of the study area reaches its maximum thickness in the area between Tripoli and Sabratah. It diminishes towards the west of Sabratah. According to texture, morphology, sedimentary structure and fossil content, the Karrot Member could be divided into four units. Except unit 1, all other units are only detected from station no. 2 (Tripoli) to station no. 7 (Sabratah). The Kaam Member is only detected in the area between Tripoli and Sabratah. It is represented by one unit. Geochemically, the major oxides CaO and MgO are the main constituents of the calcite. SiO2 is mainly in the form of quartz. Sometimes a high quotient of SiO2 together with the oxides; Al2O3, K2O and partly of Na2O, TiO2 and Fe2O3 are essentially allocated within the structure of the feldspars and clay minerals. Part of Na2O and the content of Cl belong mainly to halite. Sr, Pb and REE are basically controlled by the carbonate fraction, while Ni, Co, Cu and Zn are strongly correlated with Al2O3. Th and U are positively correlated with Zr suggesting that they are contained in zircon. The prevailing well oxidizing coastal environments are well expresses by the low authigenic uranium and low Cu/Zn, Ni/Co and U/Th ratios. Karrot Member shows more or less flat REE pattern with positive and negative Ce anomalies (ΔCe: 0.68 to 1.45), while Kaam Member shows convex REE pattern with negative Ce anomalies ((ΔCe: 0.86), indicating Kaam Member (upper member) of aeolian origin and Karrot Member (lower member) of marine origin. In Karrot Member, ΔCe values are negatively correlated with Pb in agreement with shallow marine depositional environments of Karrot Member.

Master Thesis Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Sabkha Sediments Along the Mediterranean Coast from Surman to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah Plain, NW Libya

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Sabkha Sediments Along the Mediterranean Coast from Surman to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah Plain, NW Libya Mohamed, Mahmud Musa The present work attempts to characterize the mineralogy and geochemistry of the sabkha brines and sediments along the Mediterranean Coast from Surman to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah Plain, NW Libya. the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) data were principally used in topographic analysis of the study area, to delineate the slope area, complete drainage network, watershed and cross section profile to identify morphology in the Jifarah Plain digitizing by computers programs by Arc GIS, Remote sensing data uses by landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) is the new product from NASA under Landsat open source series which has been launched in February 2013, uses for interpretation of surface features and produce new geology mapping (determined location of all sabkha) in the study area. The studied sabkha sediments are composed essentially of gypsum, halite, calcareous sands, soil and algal limestone. The mineral composition for the studied sabkha sediments is chiefly composed of variable proportions of calcite, aragonite, quartz, microcline, orthoclase, gypsum and halite, clay minerals and heavy minerals such as ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, goethite, zircon, augite, tourmaline, rutile, biotite, garnet, monazite, hornblende, staurolite and pistachite. The Cl-/Na+ ratios in the studied waters range from 1.66 to 1.85, all slightly higher than the average seawater value (Cl-/Na+=1.17), suggesting that the studied brines may have not only marine but also terrigenic and anthropogenic origins. The studied brine water samples show high concentration of K+. This may be attributed to partial dissolution of detrital illite which constitutes part of the clay mineral assemblages of the studied sabkha. In the studied sediments, the major oxides CaO and MgO are the main constituents of the carbonate minerals. SiO2 is mainly in the form of quartz. Sometimes a high quotient of SiO2 together with the oxides Al2O3, K2O and partly of Na2O, TiO2 and Fe2O3 are essentially allocated within the structure of the feldspars and clay minerals. Part of Na2O and the content of Cl belong mainly to halite. Part of Fe2O3 and TiO2 may be accommodated as iron oxyhydroxides. Part of CaO and the content of SO3 are allotted within the gypsum structure. Ba, Sr, Pb and Cd are basically controlled by the carbonate fraction, while Br, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, V and Cr are strongly correlated with Na2O and Cl. The studied sabkha sediments show low Cu/Zn, V/Cr, V/Ni and Ni/Co and U/Th ratios which suggest that these sediments were deposited in a well oxygenated environment.

Master Thesis Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigrahy of the Oligocene-Pliocene Succession in the Offshore Well A1-89, Sirt Basin, Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigrahy of the Oligocene-Pliocene Succession in the Offshore Well A1-89, Sirt Basin, Libya Mohammed, Farag Mohammed The present study deals with Oligocene-Pliocene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the studied succession at Well-A1-89 in the offshore of Sirt Basin. One hundred and forty one ditch cutting samples have been used for this study, covering the interval from 1050’ – 9000’. The examination of the studied samples has led to the identification of fifty-one species and eleven subspecies belong to twelve genera. On the basis of the vertical stratigraphic distribution of the planktonic foraminiferal species, with particular attention to last occurrence (LO) of the marker species, ten planktonic foraminiferal biozones have been identified through the studied succession following Bolli and Saunders (1985) and Iaccarino (1985) zonal schemes, in descending order as follows: Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina s.l (Zanclean); Praeorbulina glomerosa (Langhian); Globigerinoides trilobus (Burdigalian); Catapsydrax dissimlis (Aquitanian-Burdigalian); Globigerinoides primordius (Aquitanian); Globorotalia kugleri (Chattian); Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis (Chattian); Globorotalia opima opima (Chattian); Globigerina ampliapertura (Rupelian); Cassigerinella chipolensis/ Pseudohastegrina micra (Rupelian). The Oligocene–Miocene (O/M) boundary is found to be conformable and is placed at the top of the Globorotalia kugleri Biozone. However, the Miocene/Pliocene (M/P) boundary is unconformable and is placed at the top of Praeorbulina glomerosa Biozone. Additionally, the established biozones have been regionally correlated with their equivalents in Tunisia and Egypt.

Master Thesis A rich fish assemblage from the Miocene Al Jaghboub Formation, Marmarica Area, NE Libya

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis A rich fish assemblage from the Miocene Al Jaghboub Formation, Marmarica Area, NE Libya Mohammed, H. Al Riaydh A vertebrate fossils site has been discovered in Wadi Al Hash, 20 Km east of Tobruk city, NE Libya. This fossiliferous outcrop is the lower most horizon of Al Jaghboub Formation which was dated herein as early Miocene, late Burdigalian (17.25 Ma.) using (87 Sr/86Sr) radioactive isotopes for a Balanus shell, and the presence of some elasmobranches teeth remains. More than fifteen elasmobranch species and six teleost taxa were identified from the concerned horizon. Among the identified species such as Megascyliorhinus sp., Scyliorhinus sp., Paragaleus pulchellus, Rhizoprionodon fischeuri, Negaprion eurybathrodon, Rhynchobatus pristinus, Dasyatis aff. rugose, Dasyatis cf. gigas, Dasyatis cf. serralheiroi, Gymnura delpiti, Myliobatis sp., Mobula sp., cf. Epinephelus sp., Sparus sp., Diplodus aff. intermedius, Pagrus sp., cf. Dentex sp. and cf. Sphyraena sp. Most of the identified ichthyofauna herein are reported elsewhere around the Tethys and Paratethys (e.g. France, Portugal, Germany, Italy and India) confirming the connection between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean in that slice of time. This association clearly suggests that this facies was deposited in more or less deep marine environment under fairly subtropical climatic conditions. While the contemporaneous fossil site elsewhere in the Sirte Basin further southwest were deposited in shallow to marginal marine environments (e.g. Jabal Zaltan), this clearly suggests that the coastal shoreline was located further south during the early Miocene.

Master Thesis Organic Geochemistry of the Qahash Formation in the Offshore Well A1-NC 128, Cyrenaica Basin, NE Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Organic Geochemistry of the Qahash Formation in the Offshore Well A1-NC 128, Cyrenaica Basin, NE Libya OMAR ADEL, OMAR GENIBER The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the organic matter content of two source rocks (shale and coal) collected from the Qahash Formation in the offshore Well Al-NC 128, Cyrenaica Basin, NE Libya. Petrographically, the studied samples are dominantly composed of Vitrinite macerals, followed by moderate Liptinite and low Inertinite macerals. However, the samples also contain a large amount of Framboidal pyrite. The TPI, GI, GWI and VI indices point towards Limno-Telmatic condition during the deposition of the shales and coals under mesotrophic to rheotrophic basin conditions. Geochemically, the Qahash Shale has a fair quality, whereas the Qahash Coal is considered as a poor source rock. Moreover, the Qahash Shale contains type II / III kerogen (mixed organic matter), while the Qahash Coal behaves as kerogens of type III and IV (Terrigenous organic matter). The organic matter is thermally immature. The Qahash Formation was deposited in a high salinity marine environment.

Master Thesis Stratigraphic and Structural FactorsInfluencing the Characterization of Tahara Formation, in Gullebi Field,South of Concession NC7A, GhadamesBasin, NW Libya

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Stratigraphic and Structural FactorsInfluencing the Characterization of Tahara Formation, in Gullebi Field,South of Concession NC7A, GhadamesBasin, NW Libya Saleh, Ragab Saleh Balmshkan This research presents the interpretation of data from well-logs , core samples and subsurface stratigraphic and facies maps obtained from the Gullebi Oil Field, concession NC7A, Ghadames Basin, NW Libya. The study aims at using well log approach in establishing the sedimentary lithofacies, their successions and environments of deposition in this field, and to find out the possible stratigraphic and structural factors that might influencing the development of sandstone units of the Tahara Formation. The palaeodepositional environments in the field were deduced by combining gamma ray log trends with core data. Lithofacies interpretation was carried out using the gamma ray, effective porosity and resistivity logs obtained from 16 wells. Correlation technique was used to delineate the subsurface trends of these lithofacies. Lithofacies identification shows that the entire well interval consists of sand, silt and shale. Four GR-log motifs representing different lithofacies were recognized in the study area: a funnel log shape representing beach to proximal deltaic lithofacies; a bell log shape representing fluvial channel lithofacies; a serrated to spiky log shape representing transgressive and deep marine slope to basinal shale/silt lithofacies and small scale irregular serrated log shape representing lagoonal-mud flat lithofacies. Three reservoir lithofacies associations in the Tahara Sandstones were defined based on different compositions and diagenetic patterns, represent different reservoir qualities: good quality lithofacies associated with the transitional beach to proximal deltaic sandstones of fine to medium grained with total porosity of 20% and measured log-permeability 61md, medium quality lithofacies associated with fluvial channel sandstones, fine to medium grained, with total porosity 12% and measured log-permeability 7md, and low-quality lithofacies associated with marginal deltaic silty sandstones, silt to very fine grained, with total porosity 10% or even less with measured log-permeability 4md. The porosity and permeability are better developed in areas of sandstone units deposited in beach-deltaic environment. By using the available well control points, isopach maps of the upper sand unit of the lower Tahara sequence and the upper sand unit of the upper Tahara sequence have been constructed and revealed that the accumulated thickness of both sand units is a function of available space to fill and the degree of shallowing or deepening of the associated depositional surface. Also regional log facies maps have been constructed for these two selected sandstone units to easily define the distribution of the representative lithofacies and to delineate the arbitrary boundaries characterizing these studied units of the Tahara Formation. The stratigraphic factors that may influencing the development of the Tahara Formation are better explained by sea level changes reflected on depositional lithofacies types and sedimentation rates (thickness variations), the characteristic mineralogical composition of the studied sandstone units and the differences in diagenetic processes. Other structural factors that may be influencing the deposition of the Tahara Formation related to paleostructural configuration of the Gullebi Field and the major NE-SW striking bounding fault parallel to the axial plane of the Gullebi anticlinal ridge.

Master Thesis Petroleum Geochemistry of the Makhbaz Formation in the Offshore Well K-137, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Petroleum Geochemistry of the Makhbaz Formation in the Offshore Well K-137, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya ABDELRHMAN, HAMAD ALI AL SANOSSI This study is a geochemical evaluation of the Makhbaz Formation in the offshore well K137, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya. The TOC content indicated that the Makhbaz Shale is an excellent source rock. The organic matter is thermally mature and characterized by the sovereignty of type II kerogen. The most abundant gas in the petroleum inclusions of the Makhbaz Limestone (reservoir) is C1 with lesser amounts of C2, C3, nC4, iC4, N2, CO2 and H2S. There are two oil families in the petroleum inclusions. The Makhbaz Shale is the main source rock of Family I oils (heavy oils), whereas Family II oils (light oils) were probably derived from the Bilal Formation. All oils are thermally mature. There are two episodes of oil charging took place in the Makhbaz Reservoir.

Master Thesis Surface and Subsurface Structural Analysis of Al-Burdia Area, the Eastern Part of Marmarica Uplift, NE Libya.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Surface and Subsurface Structural Analysis of Al-Burdia Area, the Eastern Part of Marmarica Uplift, NE Libya. Hasan, Z. Elshaafi Marmarica uplift extends approximately E-W along further the northeastern coastline of Libya and delimits the northeastern margin of Cyrenaica Platform. It is considered as structure inversion via the deformation of dextral strike-slip tectonics . Folds are recognized, based on their intensity and style, into three phases (F1, F2, and F3). F1 folds are the oldest and recorded in Al Majahir with Al Bayda formations. They recognized as overturned types with axis oriented approximately ENE-WSW and extends some of them for about 2km. F2 folds are developed at minor scale about 5.5km northwest of Al Burdia, in Al Faidiyah Formation. These folds are trending NE-SW with a general vergence SSE. Their styles are tight, overturned, open and asymmetric. F3 phase of folding is a major and represents the final phase of folding. It is plunging SW and ended by the present morphology of gentle and elongated folding during Oligocene to Miocene ages. Faults are most prominent in the study area and markedly concentrated in Al Burdia area and recognized by three main trends; the NW-SE dextral strike-slip faults (synthetic shears), N-S to NNE-SSW sinistral strike slip faults (antithetic shears), and E-W fault trends. Other array of the NNW-SSE normal faults are also encountered and run approximately perpendicular the folding axes. Kinematic indicators along these faults are documented in the field on the slickensides, flower structures, small scale of dextral and sinistral displacement, and pop up structure indicated that the sequence of faulting is initiated by pure wrenching and, in part, transpression in Late Cretaceous -Oligocene then continued with pure wrenching afterwards until the Miocene. Joints are distinguished into two types; shear and tensional joints. In the present area, the joints are regular and, sometimes, irregular and along their planes there are little or no displacements. Subsurface structural interpretation confirms the integration of surface structural analysis the inversion via strike-slip tectonics in Late Cretaceous

Master Thesis Submitted to Department of Earth Sciences, University of Benghazi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Submitted to Department of Earth Sciences, University of Benghazi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Basem, Ali El-Werfalli The present work aims to characterize the mineralogy, geochemistry and environmental geochemistry of the beach sands along the Mediterranean Coast from Al Kuwifia to Tolmeita, NE Libya. The microscopic examination and SEM-EDX indicate abundance of carbonates, quartz, feldspars, glauconite and evaporites. Carbonate grains are mainly represented by biogenic grains made of aragonite and/or calcite. Quartz is mostly monocrystalline with uniform and undulatory extinction. It occurs either in the form of angular grains or as rounded grains. The former type is the more abundant. The detected evaporites are gypsum and halite. Feldspars, glauconite and heavy minerals are controlled by terra rossa and only detected in the eastern side of the studied beach, while they are lacking in the western side. The recorded heavy minerals are zircon, augite, tourmaline, rutile, biotite, garnet, monazite, titanite, hornblende, pistachite, magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite, limonite and pyrite. Based on the mineral composition, two distinct types or groups of sediments were extracted. The major oxides CaO and MgO are the main constituents of the carbonate minerals; calcite and aragonite. SiO2 is mainly in the form of quartz. Sometimes a high quotient of SiO2 together with the oxides; Al2O3, K2O and partly of Na2O, TiO2 and Fe2O3 are essentially allocated within the structure of the feldspars. Part of Na2O and the content of Cl belong mainly to halite. Part of Fe2O3 and TiO2 may be accommodated as iron oxyhydroxides. Part of CaO and the content of SO3 are allotted within the gypsum structure. Ba, Sr, Th, U and REE are basically controlled by the carbonate fraction, while Cu, Zn, V and Cr are strongly correlated with Al2O3. The prevailing well oxidizing coastal environments are well expresses by the low authigenic uranium and low U/Th, V/Cr and Cu/Zn ratios. ΔCe values are not correlated with U and CaO contents, which suggest that the ΔCe values are not related to the paleoredox conditions. Metals analyzed in this study, except Cr and V in some locations, have EF > 2 suggesting that they are mainly of anthropogenic origin and that natural activities exert little influence on their abundances. The Igeo values suggest that the studied samples are unpolluted with Cu, Zn, V, Cr, Pb and Th, very lightly polluted to lightly polluted with As and lightly polluted with U.

Master Thesis Structural characteristics and analysis of jardas al jarari inlier the centrai part of al jabal al akhdar ne libya

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Structural characteristics and analysis of jardas al jarari inlier the centrai part of al jabal al akhdar ne libya Ahmed, . Ali Amin as prominent promontory of Late Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary belt overlooking the Mediterranean coast. The study area is chosen in the central part of this belt as it exhibits intense structural patterns and involves one of the Late Cretaceous inlier exposed within extensive outcrops of Tertiary sediments. However, the studied structures are re-assessed based on more detailed fieldwork, analysis of different kinematic shear indicators and whether the variations of both; the type of sedimentation and thickness of strata do occur. Upper Cretaceous-Oligocene sediments cover the present area and are represented from the oldest to youngest by these Formations: Al Majahir, Wadi Dukhan, Al Uwayliyah, Darnah, and Al Bayda. Elsewhere, these Formations are unconformably younger by Quaternary deposits. During Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Al Jabal Al Akhdar was a part of passive continental margin, it is considered as a large sedimentary basin in northeast Libya. By the end of the Cretaceous (mainly Santonian), this structure was inverted, in response of right-lateral shear, and the result was the uplift of Late Cretaceous sediments within Darnah and Al Baydah Formations (Eocene to Lower Oligocene) forming the inlier structure of Jardas Al Jarari. Late Cretaceous inversion was initiated with brittle shear deformation along E-W to WNW-ESE major dextral shear and enhanced with ductile shear forming a sequence of very tight and overturned F1 and F2 asymmetric open folds trending ENE-WSW and NE-SW respectively. At the final stage of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary, the whole structure is themed with array of Riedel and conjugate Riedel shears along the NE-SW to NNE-SSW sinistral strike-slip faults and NW-SE dextral strike-slip faults, finally enveloped with the formation of E-W to NE-SW trending F3 major fold.

Master Thesis Petroleum Geochemistry of the Daryanah Formation in the offshore well Al-NC 128, Cyrenaica Basin, NE Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Petroleum Geochemistry of the Daryanah Formation in the offshore well Al-NC 128, Cyrenaica Basin, NE Libya Abobakar, E. Algomati Petrographical and geochemical assessments of source rock (Darnah Shale) and reservoir (Darnah Limestone) in the offshore well Al-NC 128 in the Cyrenaica Basin were achieved in the present study. In the Darnah Shale, the biomarkers indicate the mixed inputs of aquatic plankton and terrigenous organic matter deposited under suboxic conditions. The kerogen is of types II/III and III. The source rock has a fair quality. The reservoir contains medium crude oil. This oil belongs to source rock of the Darnah Shale as proven by oil-source rock correlation. C1 is the main gas in the reservoir. Both crude oil and source rock are located in the immature window. The Darnah Reservoir has been charged with hydrocarbons in two different times. The middle shale can be considered a cap rock in the petroleum system of the Darnah Formation.

Master Thesis Geochemistry of the Al Jurf Formation in the Offshore Well C-NC 41, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Geochemistry of the Al Jurf Formation in the Offshore Well C-NC 41, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya Ibrahim, Abdalhadi Mohamed Eltekali The petrographical and geochemical evaluation of the black shales of the Al Jurf Formation in the offshore Well C-NC 41, Sabratah Basin, NW Libya, is the main objective of this work. Generally, the black shales of the Upper Member are considered as very good to excellent source rocks, while the black shales of the Lower Member have a fair quality. Smectite, illite, kaolinite, gibbsite, chlorite and mixed layer clays are the main clay minerals. The black shales are considered as mature sediments (ICV< 1). Semi-humid climate is prevalent during deposition. The black shales contain high contents of vitrinite and liptinite, with lesser amounts of inertinite. The organic matter is thermally mature. Kerogens of type II and II/III are predominant in the black shales. The proved depositional environment of the Al Jurf Formation is the suboxic marine.

Master Thesis Subsurface Reservoir Evaluation and Image Log Analysis of the Shaly-Sand Lower Acacus

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Master Thesis Subsurface Reservoir Evaluation and Image Log Analysis of the Shaly-Sand Lower Acacus Abraheem, Ahmed Hasan Elmasli The Lower Acacus reservoir in the northeastern part of Ghadames Basin (Block-114) forms a tidally influenced deltaic system. Structural and stratigraphic cross-sections that were constructed using Petrel (Schlumberger Trademark) have shown a general thickening of the reservoir formation towards the north-northeast. Petrophysically, this reservoir is divided into three main units based on log characters; these are (Unit A, B, and C) with Unit A being at the bottom followed by B & C. The petrophysical analysis using IP (LIoyd’s Register Trademark) indicates that Lower Acacus reservoir is hydrocarbon bearing in the study area with very good reservoir parameters. Average volume of shale is around 25 percent, porosity ranges from 15 to 20 percent, and water saturation is around 35 percent in the oil wells. Hydrocarbon distribution and reservoir intervals are both mainly controlled by depositional facies and to a lesser extent by structural influence. Consequently, FMI and core images were analyzed using Techlog (Schlumberger Trademark) to define the main sedimentary structures in the available wells. These sedimentary structures were grouped into four main facies in order to delineate the vertical and lateral variation among the wells in the study area. The identified facies are heterolithic bedding, crossbedding sandstone, shaly-sand bedding, and laminated shale facies. The bioturbation activity on these facies might have a direct influence on the reservoir performance by destroying the rock primary fabric. However, the association of these facies reflect the tidal effect on the delta as supported by paleocurrent direction analysis. Additionally, the paleocurrent measurements from the cross-bedded facies show a dominant bimodal trend towards NW-SE, with modest polymodal and unimodal models.

Alluvial terraces as a measure of vertical movements and neotectonics: evidences from Wadi Zazah, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE Libya

2017-08-29T00:00:00Z

Alluvial terraces as a measure of vertical movements and neotectonics: evidences from Wadi Zazah, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, NE Libya Fares, Fares F.; Shaltami, Osama R.; Badi, Adli M.; EL Oshebi, Farag M.

Libyan Journal of Science & Technology

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Libyan Journal of Science & Technology EL Oshebi, Farag M.; Badi, Adli M.; Shaltami, Osama R.; Fares, Fares F.

Geophysical Investigation of Land Subsidence North of Tazirbu Water Well Field, SE- Libya

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Geophysical Investigation of Land Subsidence North of Tazirbu Water Well Field, SE- Libya El-Shari, Saad M.

Normal and abnormal porosity-depth relationship of tertiary rocks in Soluq depression, NE-Libya.

2017-02-20T00:00:00Z

Normal and abnormal porosity-depth relationship of tertiary rocks in Soluq depression, NE-Libya. El-Shari, Saad M.

Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Palaeocene Carbonates at the Western Margin of Cyrenaica Platform, NE-Libya.

2014-04-10T00:00:00Z

Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Palaeocene Carbonates at the Western Margin of Cyrenaica Platform, NE-Libya. El-Shari, Saad M.

Integrated Subsurface Structural Interception of the Ordovician Succession in the South Central Part of the Concession NC 186 Northern Murzuq Basin

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Integrated Subsurface Structural Interception of the Ordovician Succession in the South Central Part of the Concession NC 186 Northern Murzuq Basin Najem, Ali M.; Elarnauti, Ali

Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya Buazza, Mohamed Moftah Omar; Shaltami, Osama

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Beach Sands Along the Coast Between Al Kuwifia and Tolmeita, NE Libya.

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Beach Sands Along the Coast Between Al Kuwifia and Tolmeita, NE Libya. El-Werfalli, Basem A.; Abdulsamad, Esam O.

Regional Subsurface Facies Distribution of Upper-Ordovician Memouniat Formation, Hamada (Ghadames) Basin, NW Libya.

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Regional Subsurface Facies Distribution of Upper-Ordovician Memouniat Formation, Hamada (Ghadames) Basin, NW Libya. Younis, Ali El.; Elfigih, Dr. Omar

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Beach Sands Along the Coast Between Al Kuwifia and Tolmeita, NE Libya.

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Beach Sands Along the Coast Between Al Kuwifia and Tolmeita, NE Libya. El-Werfalli, Basem A.; O. Abdulsamad, Esam

Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Petrography and Geochemistry of Gargaresh Formation from Tajoura to Ras Jdeir, Jifarah plain, NW Libya Buazza, Mohamed Moftah Omar; Shaltami, Osama

Regional Subsurface Facies Distribution of Upper-Ordovician Memouniat Formation, Hamada (Ghadames) Basin, NW Libya.

2012-12-08T00:00:00Z

Regional Subsurface Facies Distribution of Upper-Ordovician Memouniat Formation, Hamada (Ghadames) Basin, NW Libya. Younis, Ali El.; Elfigih, Omar

Integrated Subsurface Structural interpretation of the Ordovician Succession in the South Central part of the concession in NC186 Northern Murzug Pattern

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Integrated Subsurface Structural interpretation of the Ordovician Succession in the South Central part of the concession in NC186 Northern Murzug Pattern Najem, Ali M.; Elarnauti, Ali