Faculty of Medicine

The Role of Incorporating Biomechanical Devis (Apos) On Lower Limb Biomechanics Recreational Athletes with a High Risk for Second ACL after Primary ACL Reconstruction

2025-03-09T00:00:00Z

The Role of Incorporating Biomechanical Devis (Apos) On Lower Limb Biomechanics Recreational Athletes with a High Risk for Second ACL after Primary ACL Reconstruction Ihab, Elzein Introduction: Injury to the ACL is considered one of the most debilitating knee injuries which could occur in any young athlete. Patients who previously sustained non-contact ACL injury and had ACL reconstruction (ACLR) showed higher risk of sustaining a second ACL injury compared with individuals who did not sustain primary ACL injury. Persistent poor neuromuscular control reflecting on high-risk movement patterns at the contralateral lower limb, has been proposed as modified risk factors, which may exist even post ACLR. The long-term benefits of an effective rehabilitation program which focus on improving neuromuscular control may also be realised, both by the full restoration of functional performance and by the improved of the lower limb reflecting on better ability of post ACLR individuals to participate in lifetime activity with lower chances of sustaining 2nd ACL injury. Objective: Introduction of perturbation training with lower limb alignment re-adjustment by using (APOS). Methods: Participants: Five physical active healthy participants. All had had ACLR and completed their rehabilitation program and been returned to participate in sporting activities. All participants showed plane projection angle (FPPA) while performing Single Leg Squat exceed 8°. Interventions: The participants were instructed to use APOS during walking while performing their daily activities for period of minimum of 60 minutes on a daily basis for six weeks. Main Outcome Measurements: Centre of Pressure (COP) measures for Postural stability during Single leg stance (SLs) and KOOS questionnaire. Results: COP measures during SLs task showed significant improvement, and significant improvement in KOOS quality of life (QOL) subscales. Conclusion: poor postural stability has been considered a main mechanism for sustaining a 2nd ACL injury in patients who had ACLR surgery. The finding of this study is the first to show the promising concept of utilising foot-worn biomechanical interventions may be a different method for mitigating risks of a 2nd ACL injury.

The effect of non-supervised moderate intensity aerobic physical activity on glycemic control, lipid profile and Body mass index (BMI) of type II diabetic patients in Benghazi

2020-11-01T00:00:00Z

The effect of non-supervised moderate intensity aerobic physical activity on glycemic control, lipid profile and Body mass index (BMI) of type II diabetic patients in Benghazi MYG, Younis; FB, Idris; Z, Belkhair; I, Denna : Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide epidemic. Applying exercise regularly has a positive impact on type II diabetics and considered as a therapeutic non-pharmacological mode for diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims: to study the effects of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity on glycemic control, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) of type II diabetics. Method: 80 cases of type II diabetic patients were recruited. While 54 subjects were involved on non-supervised regular exercise (30 minutes- 5 to 7 days/week) for 12 weeks (EX group), 26 were sedentary (NEX group). Complete history and laboratory investigations including fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (Ch), Triglyceride (T.G.), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotien (VLDL) and BMI were measured for each participant in two time points: base line and after 12 weeks. Results: Base line glycemic indices for EX group (FBS, and HbA1c) were significantly reduced after 12 weeks of exercise (180.4 ±67.9 Vs 124 ±30, 8.38 ±2 Vs 7 ±1.2, respectively; P value = 0.000). There was a significant decrease in Cholesterol, TG, and LDL values post 12 weeks of exercise compared to baseline values (p value= 0.000). Similarly, the results reported a significant decrease in BMI values post exercise compared to pre-exercise measurements (30± 6 Vs 31 ± 6, P value =0.000). No significant changes were documented in glycemic indices, lipid profile and BMI in the control group. Conclusion: The aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on metabolic control (i.e. hyperglycemia, hyper lipidemic and obesity) for diabetes. Hence, it is recommended as a non-pharmacologic therapeutic modality in the management of type II DM. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor: effects on epithelial (E)-cadherin and a role in cell adhesion and cell-to-cell coupling in the pancreatic islet

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor: effects on epithelial (E)-cadherin and a role in cell adhesion and cell-to-cell coupling in the pancreatic islet Mustafa, .G. Younis; Claire, E. Hills; Paul, E. Squires; Matthew, N. Hodgkin The Calcium-sensing Receptor (CaR) was first identified/cloned in the parathyroid gland (Brown et al,1993). CaR is a seven trans-membrane spanning, G-protein coupled receptor known to be involved in the regulation of systemic calcium

Pseudoislets as primary islet replacements for research Report on a symposium at King's College London, London UK

2010-08-01T00:00:00Z

Pseudoislets as primary islet replacements for research Report on a symposium at King's College London, London UK Mustafa, Y.G. Younis; Z.L., Zhi; Peter, M. Jones; Emma, Willoughby; Mark, D. Turner,; Mark, A. Russell,; Christina, Reers,; Noel, G. Morgan; Neville, McClenaghan,; Claire, E. Marriott,; Tania, Maffucci,; Aileen, King; Catriona, Kelly; Astrid, Hauge-Evans; Moria, Harrison; Simon, Dunmore; James, Brown; Adrian, J. Bone; Peter, Bergsten; Catherine, Arden,; Shanta, J. Persaud Laboratory-based research aimed at understanding processes regulating insulin secretion and mechanisms underlying β-cell dysfunction and loss in diabetes often makes use of rodents, as these processes are in many respects similar between rats/mice and humans. Indeed, a rough calculation suggests that islets have been isolated from as many as 150,000 rodents to generate the data contained within papers published in 2009 and the first four months of 2010. Rodent use for islet isolation has been mitigated, to a certain extent, by the availability of a variety of insulin-secreting cell lines that are used by researchers world-wide. However, when maintained as monolayers the cell lines do not replicate the robust, sustained secretory responses of primary islets which limits their usefulness as islet surrogates. On the other hand, there have been several reports that configuration of MIN6 β-cells, derived from a mouse insulinoma, as three-dimensional cell clusters termed ‘pseudoislets’ largely recapitulates the function of primary islet β-cells. The Diabetes Research Group at King’s College London has been using the MIN6 pseudoislet model for over a decade and they hosted a symposium on “Pseudoislets as primary islet replacements for research”, which was funded by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), in London on 15th and 16th April 2010. This small, focused meeting was conceived as an opportunity to consolidate information on experiences of working with pseudoislets between different UK labs, and to introduce the theory and practice of pseudoislet culture to laboratories working with islets and/or β-cell lines but who do not currently use pseudoislets. This short review summarizes the background to the development of the cell line-derived pseudoislet model, the key messages arising from the symposium and emerging themes for future pseudoislet research

Activation of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor increases functional tethering between pancreatic β-cells

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Activation of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor increases functional tethering between pancreatic β-cells Mustafa, Y.G. Younis; Eleftherios, Siamantouras; Claire, E. Hills,; Kuo, -Kang Liu,; Paul, E. Squires. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) enables cells to detect and respond to changes in extracellular calcium. Our previous studies have shown that the CaR is expressed by islet β-cells and that pharmacological activation of the islet CaR, using the calcimimetic R568, results in enhanced secretion of insulin. Epithelial (E)-cadherin (ECAD) is a trans-membrane protein whose extracellular domain forms calcium-dependent homodimers with cadherins expressed on neighbouring cells facilitating cell-to-cell adhesion. This not only serves to increase adhesive strength of the junction but also acts as a signalling ‘node’ for various proteins that can influence adhesiveness and/or initiate intracellular signalling events. It is well established that a down-regulation of E-cadherin reduces insulin secretion. We hypothesise that the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor modifies cell-to-cell adhesion within the pancreatic islet and predict that activating the receptor increases ECAD expression and function.

Reciprocal regulation of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor & epithelial-cadherin in pancreatic islets

2011-01-01T00:00:00Z

Reciprocal regulation of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor & epithelial-cadherin in pancreatic islets Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Gareth, Rogers; Claire, E Hills; Paul, Squires The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a 7-transmembrane spanning G-protein-coupled receptor commonly associated with the regulation of systemic Ca2+-homeostasis. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the CaR has diverse effects outside this primary role. •In keratinocytes, inactivation of CaR expression has been shown to suppress the assembly of the cell adhesion associated epithelial-cadherin (ECAD) and bcatenin- PI3K complex [1]. Pancreatic β-cells express the CaR [2]. From our own studies, pancreatic β-cells demonstrate a close association between adherens junction proteins and secretory granules [3]. Neutralising ECAD-mediated cell adhesion decreases glucose-evoked synchronicity in Ca2+-signals between adjacent cells within islets [4]. Together, these findings suggest an intriguing link between cell-cell adhesion, and CaR expression/function in pancreatic β-cells. •In the current study, we have assessed the effect of activating the CaR via the calcimimetic R568 on the expression of ECAD, β-catenin, L-type VDCC and CaR itself. To determine if cell-to-cell contact, alters CaR expression and ultimately the b-cell function., ECAD-mediated cell-cell adhesion was reduced by immuno-neutralising ECAD. The effects on non-nutrient evoked changes in cytosolic calcium and glucose-evoked insulin secretion were examined.

A role for the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in β-cell proliferation

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

A role for the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor in β-cell proliferation Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Claire, E Hills; Laura, Au; Paul, Squires The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a 7-transmembrane spanning G-protein-coupled receptor commonly associated with the regulation of systemic Ca2+-homeostasis. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the CaR has diverse effects outside this primary role. Numerous studies have now investigated the role of the CaR on proliferation. In the colon, activation of the calcium receptor up regulates adherens junction proteins, and a loss of CaR expression is associated with abnormal differentiation and progression of carcinomas [1]. In keratinocytes, inactivation of CaR expression has been shown to suppress the assembly of the cell adhesion associated epithelial-cadherin (ECAD) and - catenin-PI3K complex [2]. Pancreatic β-cells express the CaR [3]. From our own studies, pancreatic β-cells demonstrate a close association between adherens junction proteins and secretory granules [4]. Neutralising ECAD-mediated cell adhesion decreases glucose-evoked synchronicity in Ca2+-signals between adjacent cells within islets [5]. Together, these findings suggest an intriguing link between cell-cell adhesion, CaR expression and proliferation in pancreatic β-cells. Elevated [Ca2+]e can activate p38 and p42/44 MAPkinases [6, 7] and increase cell proliferation in pancreatic β-cells [8]. In the current study, we have examined whether specific activation of the CaR, using the calcimimetic R568, enhances -cell proliferation at physiologically appropriate concentrations of extracellular calcium. The involvement of MAPK signalling cascade in transducing signals from the CaR was be determined using the MEK/ERK inhibitors PD098059 and SU1498. Down-regulation of the CaR induces down-regulation of adheren junction proteins and reduces proliferative capacity in skin, colon and pancreatic -cells. In the current study, we have assessed the effect of reduced CaR expression on proliferative capacity when the cells are grown as either 2-dimensional monolayers or 3- dimensional pseudoislets, to ascertain whether cell configuration and the degree of cell-cell contact, alters CaR expression and ultimately the -cell turnover. Cellcell adhesion was reduced further by immuno-neutralising ECAD in order to test the effect on CaR-expression and calcium-mediated proliferation.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Libya and its relation to other health disorders

2024-03-20T00:00:00Z

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Libya and its relation to other health disorders Mustafa, Younis Gaballah Younis Vitamin D (VD) has a potential role in calcium homeostasis in the human body. It is also considered a strong immunomodulator, affecting both arms of the immune system (Innate and adaptive immunity). VD can also lower the risk of diabetes, improve pregnancy outcomes, reduce the risk of acute respiratory infection (e.g., COVID-19), and decrease the risk of cancer. No doubt that VD deficiency (VDD) is a health condition that spreads out all over the globe. VDD is linked to many health problems ranging from fatigue and skeleton pain to serious conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, diabetes, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to provide a whole picture of the status of 25- hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D] as well as the frequency of 25- (OH)D deficiency (VDD) among Libyans in various regions of the country and to discuss the correlation between VDD and other health problems. The prevalence of VDD reached up to 80% among healthy individuals in the Middle East region. Libya is a big Mediterranean country and is sunny most of the year. In the western part of Libya, particularly in Tripoli (the capital city), the prevalence of severe VDD [25-(OH)D < 10 ng/mL] was as high as 50.8%, whereas only 27.5% had moderate VDD [25-(OH)D; 10-20 ng/mL]. In Benghazi (second largest city), the VDD prevalence was also high (76%). The highest prevalence of VDD was reported at 79% in the biggest southern city of Sebha. In the whole country, the VDD prevalence was high (among males and females), ranging from 45.4% to 87%, with a mean of 55.58%. The mean prevalence of VDD among males was 54.3% and for females was 53.29%. As clear from these data, VDD prevalence was high in the entire country. However, the available data were obtained from small cross-sectional studies and it becomes a necessity to conduct nationally representative studies and establish national nutrition surveys to accurately assess the prevalence of VDD. Moreover, the data included in this review invites the health authorities in Libya to take preventive measures to reduce the high prevalence of VDD, which will decrease VDD-associated health problems in the future

The Use Of Serum Levels Of Glutathione-S-Transferase For The Detection Of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Libyan Diabetics

2023-05-01T00:00:00Z

The Use Of Serum Levels Of Glutathione-S-Transferase For The Detection Of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Libyan Diabetics M. Y. G., Younis; Mohamed, H. G. Alsaeiti,; Mohamed, Osama Ezwaie.; Dhastagir, Sultan Sheriff Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Microalbuminuria (MA) is a crucial risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, recent studies have challenged the use of microalbuminuria, as albumin excretion is more likely to revert to normal levels than to macroalbuminuria. Aim: To investigate the serum levels of glutathione-s-transferase as a marker for the detection of DN among diabetic with and without DN, in combination with other biochemical parameters for checking renal function state. Material and methods: This study involved 160 subjects from the Benghazi Medical Center and the diabetic clinic of Al-hyat private center of diabetes and Benghazi Center of Diabetes and Endocrine Disease, divided into 3 groups; DN group (60 subjects), diabetic "without DN" group (60 subjects), and non-diabetic "control" group (40 subjects). blood and urine samples were collected from study participants and tested urine albumin and GST-pi levels along with other biochemical tests. Results: The mean ± SD of GST was non-significantly higher (11.3 ± 2.2 ng/ml) in the diabetic group than that of the DN group (10.8 ± 2.4 ng/ml) and the control (10.7 ± 2.2 ng/ml). Meanwhile, albumin levels were much higher in DN group (mean = 84.4 ± 59.4) than the diabetic group (10.7 ± 15.2) and the control (5.2 ± 1.3). Regarding kidney function tests; the means of blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid were significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy group than the diabetic group and the control group. Conclusion: The present study showed a nonsignificant elevation in serum levels of GST-Pi. The level of the enzyme was higher in diabetics without diagnosed nephropathy than that of DN group, this increase may be occurred as a compensation to the undiagnosed deterioration of kidney function. Future work using large number of samples are required to confirm the role of GST as an early biomarker of DN. Keywords: Glutathione-s-transferase, GST, Diabetic nephropathy, Microalbuminuria

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY COMBINATIONS UPON LIPID PROFILE OF HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN LIBYA

2023-02-01T00:00:00Z

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY COMBINATIONS UPON LIPID PROFILE OF HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS IN LIBYA M. Y. G., Younis,; Mona, El-Sherif; 3Ahmed, Alhaddad Background: Using anti-retroviral therapy for HIV positive subjects has been reported to be linked to metabolic abnormalities such as altered serum lipid profile parameters. Materials and Methods: This study involved a hundred-one Libyan ART-treated HIV-1 subjects were on Different ART regimens and twenty-one untreated "Naïve" from Benghazi Medical Center and Benghazi center for infectious diseases and immunology during 2018-2019 and seventy age-matched HIV-negative subjects used as control. Aim: to assess total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipoproteins and other investigations such as viral load, CD4 and CD8. Results; TC, TG and LDL-C levels of HIV positive (122) subjects were highly significant (P <0.001) increased compared to HIV-negative subjects, whereas, HDL-C and LDL/HDL risk ratio were not significantly altered. TC, TG and LDL-C in the 4 ART-treated HIV subgroups were significantly (P <0.001) increased compared with ARVNaïve and control groups. The CD4 count in the ARV treated-HIV subjects were significantly (P <0.014) lower compared CD4 count of untreated HIV group. Conclusion: The findings in the present study were in accordance with many other studies and suggests an association between HIV and dyslipidemia (specifically when protease inhibitor used) that is potentiated by receiving ART regimens. Monitoring lipid profile continuously become a necessity during the ART application.

Lipid Abnormalities among Libyan HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral (ARV) Drugs and ARV Naïve Patients

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Lipid Abnormalities among Libyan HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral (ARV) Drugs and ARV Naïve Patients M. Y. G., Younis; Mona, El-Sherif; Ahmed, B. Alhaddad Introduction: Majority of untreated or Anti-Retroviral (ARV) treated HIV subjects may experience a lot of metabolic alterations including dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Aim: Due to the shortage of research data related to HIV infection. We conducted this study to assess the lipid profile in HIV infected subjects and to find a correlation between liver function enzymes and other biomarkers and serum lipid alterations among Libyan HIV subjects. Materials and Methods: Case control study included 121 Libyan HIV-1 positive subjects (101 subjects were on First-line ARV treatment regimens and 21 untreated "Naïve") from Benghazi Medical Center (BMC) and Benghazi center for infectious diseases and immunology (BCIDI) during 2018-2019 to evaluate lipid profile and other biochemical parameters. Control group included 70 age-matched HIV negative individuals. The age range of the study participants was 20-45 years. Results: The means of CD4 count in the ARV treated HIV subjects were significantly (P <0.014) lower compared CD4 count of untreated HIV group. The mean total cholesterol (TC) level of ARV treated HIV subjects (174 ± 42 mg/dl) was significantly (P<0.012) increased compared to untreated HIV subjects (149 ± 31mg/dl). In accordance, LDL-C levels showed a significant (P <0.014) increase in the ARV treated HIV subjects compared to the untreated HIV subjects. On the other Original Research Article hand, mean HDL-C showed no significant alteration in the ARV treated HIV subjects compared to untreated HIV subjects. Conclusion: In ARV-treated HIV patients showed higher TC and LDL-C suggesting a role of these drugs upon lipid metabolism. The mechanism by which HIV drugs affect lipid profile need to be fully understood by further research. Unaltered HDL-C and LDL/HDL atherogenic risk ratio indicate reduced risk for developing cardiovascular disease among HIV subjects.

The Frequency of Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiencies Among Women of Reproductive Age in Wadi Etba, Southern Region of Libya

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Frequency of Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiencies Among Women of Reproductive Age in Wadi Etba, Southern Region of Libya M Y G, Younis; Annour, M. Alalem; Salima, M. Hawda; Ahmed, M. Zakoko; Negia, A. Mohamed; Khalid, G. Alqathafy; Mohammed, O. Elmansouri Vitamin D (VD) is the sunshine vitamin. Its deficiency is widely spread worldwide and is implicated in various health problems that have serious financial, mental, and physical health burdens. In Libya, it also has a high incidence as many studies have been conducted on this issue, but the exact situation of VD deficiency in the southern region of Libya remains unclear

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: an online cross-sectional study

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: an online cross-sectional study Mustafa, Y. Younis; Fathi, Alobidy; Faraj, Rashed; Anwar, Eltalhey COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world and has caused psychological impacts. Medical students are known to be vulnerable population, experiencing higher levels of anxiety, depression and other psychological disorders compared to non-medical students. The nature of life changes like what happened and still happening during the pandemic have its impact on mental health of the students. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on medical students among different universities to develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impacts during the pandemic. Also, to search for potential risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts. An online survey was filled by medical students (n = 100) at faculties of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and medical sciences of different universities: University of Benghazi, Libyan International Medical University, Omar Almokhtar University, Cairo University and Alexandria University. The students were taken to the further analysis. Thus, 55% of the participants had psychological impacts due to the pandemic and 17% had severe effect. Some of these impacts were actually positive as a large number (58%) of the participants felt relaxed during the pandemic. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression. These included concern about academic performance (80%), concern about self/dear-one’s health (90%), difficulty with concentration (46%), disruption to sleeping patterns (78%), increased social isolation (26%), disruption to eating patterns (48%), changing in the living environment (26%), financial difficulties (34%) increased class workload (20%) depressive thoughts (37%) and suicidal thoughts (07%). In conclusion, the study indicates that COVID-19 pandemic have positive and negative impacts on medical students. Thus, it is suggested that measures need to alleviate students’ stress, which might have harmful effects in different aspects.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF ANABOLIC- ANDROGENIC STEROIDS AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN BENGHAZI

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF ANABOLIC- ANDROGENIC STEROIDS AND NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN BENGHAZI M.Y.G., Younis; Isam, Denna; Abdelsalam, Ali; Mahohoud, F. Rasheed; Enas, A. Mansor; Narges, M. Kablan Background: The intake of anabolic -androgenic steroids (AASs) and nutritional supplements as ergogenic aids has been increasing among young men in Benghazi, Libya. Objectives: To assess the use of AASs and nutritional supplements by undergraduate male students in the faculty of Pharmacy and faculty of Medicine at the University of Benghazi. Moreover, is to investigate the awareness and knowledge of students regarding the health consequences ASSs and nutritional supplements intake. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study involved 350 undergraduate male students from both Pharmacy and Medicine the faculty. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed randomly during the period of the study which was conducted from January to May 2019. Results: 31% of the students used AASs and/or nutritional supplements. Out of the 31 %, 53% used protein supplements, 24% used AASs, 9% used both protein and AASs and 14% used other nutritional supplements. Only 8% of the students who used AASs and/or nutritional supplements had experienced some adverse effects. Increased blood pressure was the most prevalent adverse effects among those students (36%). However, 65% of students reported no awareness about health risks of the ergogenic substances presented at the marketing points. Conclusions: The use of AASs and nutritional supplements by undergraduate students was without any awareness about the possible health consequences. Hence, an awareness and guidance should be provided by health care professionals providing ergogenic substances

THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TECHNICIANS IN X-RAY DEPARTMENTS OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN BENGHAZI-LIBYA

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TECHNICIANS IN X-RAY DEPARTMENTS OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS IN BENGHAZI-LIBYA Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Huda, Mohamed Background: X-ray is a type of ionized radiation. Long exposure leads to serious hazard to workers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiation on the workers’ blood parameters and determine its correlations with age, gender, qualification levels and years of experience. Methods: a cross sectional study carried out in 5 Hospitals in Benghazi City from February to May 2018. A total of 76 individuals divided into two groups; 50 exposed workers (group A) and 27 non-exposed (group B). Demographic data collected by using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to investigate complete blood counts (CBC) for the participants. Results: There was a decrease in neutrophils (NEU) and haematocrit (HCT) values and an increase in MCHC and lymphocytes (LYM) levels. In addition, there were significant differences between two groups in white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P=0.04, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively). On the other hand, the values of WBC, platelets (PLT) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were controversial among workers; there was elevations in some workers and reduction in others. Moreover, there were a positive relationship between age and years of experience with MCHC counts. However, the level of worker's education did not have any association with effects of x-ray radiation on workers’ blood. Conversely, there is association between workers’ gender and MCT, PLT and MCH. Conclusion: exposure to x-ray causes haematological disturbances on the exposed group which may lead subsequently to several health hazards including anaemia and cancer.

Comparative study of cortisol and leptin concentration in obese non-diabetics and obese with uncomplicated diabetes.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comparative study of cortisol and leptin concentration in obese non-diabetics and obese with uncomplicated diabetes. Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Adela, H Elamami; Ahmed, Zakoko; Farag, Elshaari In addition to chronic hyperglycemia, the main characteristic feature of diabetes is the impair-ment of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that underline the main cause of short-term and late-developing disease complications. These lead to stern changes in body systems, nota-bly, the increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and expectedly, the upstream/downstream changes in adipokines and cortisol. This study was undertaken to assess cortisol and leptin levels in relation to obesity and diabetes. Excluding patients with complications, twenty-eight obese type 2 diabetic patients (diabetes duration less than 10 years) were recruited for the study. All patients were receiving metformin doses of 500 mg or 850 mg. The controls included in the study were 16 non-diabetic apparently healthy obese volunteers. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, LDL, HDL, leptin, and cortisol were analyzed. In the diabetic group FBS, HbA1C, TAG, LDL, and total cholesterol were significantly higher compared to the obese non-diabetic group. Serum leptin and cortisol showed no significant differences be-tween the diabetic and the obese control group at 95% confidence. However, in the diabetic group, significant correlations were seen between serum leptin and HDL, and strong correla-tions relating the bodyweight indicators (BMI; WC) with leptin and cholesterol. These results were expected to be the outcome of the cortisol changes in type2 diabetes, but no significant correlations were evident between serum cortisol and HbA1c. The outcome of the study was explained relating the similarity of the hormone's activity to the patients included in the study have had the disease for considerably short periods and were selected for lacking the compli-cations usually seen in chronic long-duration diabetes.

A Perspective on Recent Trends in Diabetes and its Cure

2019-08-01T00:00:00Z

A Perspective on Recent Trends in Diabetes and its Cure Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Abdalla, M Jarari; Dhastagir, Sultan Sheriff; Ahmed, Zakoko Diabetes is considered as a global pandemic that afflicts millions of people all over the world. It is a major public health problem along with its social and economic connotations. There is a change in the pattern of expression of diabetes and newer risk factors are implicated as possible precipitating factors of Diabetes. Now pollution is considered to be an emerging risk factor for diabetes. About 3.2 million new cases of diabetes are reported to be pollution related and represents 14 % of new cases reported globally. With a vast literature flooded with diabetes research, a possible cure remains a distant dream for a diabetic patient. Therefore, in the present review the recent trends in diabetes research, care and therapy is discussed.

Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge of Professional Football Players

2022-07-07T00:00:00Z

Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge of Professional Football Players Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Saif‑Aleslam, Almajouk; Fatima, Barakat; Tahani, Alfirjani; Shehab, Alagory; Ashmisa, Eltuhami; Ali, Elmabsout; Isam, Denna Background: Adequate knowledge of nutrition is believed to influence the performance of endurance athletes. Objectives: To assess the level of nutrition knowledge among football players in Benghazi. Subjects and Methods: Following ethical approval, a cross‑sectional study was conducted involving 101 football (soccer) players (25 ± 5 years of age) from seven clubs of the first and second divisions. The height (cm) and weight (kg) were recorded for each player. A questionnaire composed of three sections was filled out by each participant. It included questions concerning personal data, general nutrition, and specific knowledge concerning the appropriate foods to consume before, during, and after exercise. Results: The mean body mass index was 24 ± 2 kg/m2. Fifty‑seven percent of the participants were below the university level of formal education. Furthermore, 75% reported that they never received any formal education related specifically to nutrition. In addition, 70% had no knowledge of the concept of the food pyramid, and only 18% of the players communicated with dieticians either during season or off‑season. Only 22% answered correctly the questions about which foods are appropriate to consume before and after exercise. Noticeably, 81% of the participants did not correctly identify the contents of the nutrient to be consumed during exercise. Conclusions: The study revealed an alarming lack of nutrition knowledge among professional football players in Benghazi. The results highlight the need to establish specific programs for nutrition education for the players to enhance their knowledge in this critical area and positively influence their dietary habits and ultimately improve their physical performance. It is also important to emphasize the role of qualified dieticians in athletic clubs.

A Comparative Study of Metformin alone, in Combination with Insulin or Metformin Plus Insulin in Presence of Simvastatin in Libyan Diabetic Patients

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

A Comparative Study of Metformin alone, in Combination with Insulin or Metformin Plus Insulin in Presence of Simvastatin in Libyan Diabetic Patients Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Fathi, M Sherif; Ghazala, Othman Omar Type 2 of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with progressive failure of pancreatic B-cells to secrete insulin, decreased insulin action, due to reduced insulin receptors at the target sites. Dyslipidemia is a common risk of DM and is responsible to a large extent for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. This study was planned to compare the effects of metformin alone and a combination of metformin and insulin in presence of simvastatin on glycemic and lipid levels in Libyan diabetic patients. This retrospective study was conducted at Benghazi Diabetic Center (Libya) on 100 patients with type 2 DM of 40-60 years old. Patients were selected for follow up on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were divided into three groups. The first group (n=30), received metformin (1-2 gm/day). The second group (n=40) received metformin (1-2 gm/day) and insulin (mixtard 30/70, 30-60 units/day) and third group (n=30) received metformin (1-2 gm/day), insulin (30-60 units/day) plus simvastatin (40 mg/day). Glucose blood levels (FBG, PPBG and HBA1c), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI), hepatic function (ALT, AST, ALP and Bilirubin) and renal function (creatinine and urea) were measured for each patient. All the patients had a good glycemic control with significant decrease in HbAc1 of metformin plus insulin treated group. No significant differences in lipid profile of metformin treated group and metformin plus insulin treated group were observed. Date revealed both significant increase in HDL-C and decrease in TC, LDL-C and atherogenic index levels but without any change in TG in metformin and insulin treated group as compared with metformin, insulin plus simvastatin treated group. All the findings of hepatic and renal functions were within the normal range except for bilirubin which significantly increased in metformin, insulin plus simvastatin treated group compared with other treated groups. In conclusion, the efficacy of metformin in controlling hyperglycemia was enhanced with insulin without negative effects. Simvastatin was effective in controlling dyslipidemia associated with DM and produced a profound reduction in TC and LDL-C of the patients.

Haematological Changes in Predialyzed and hemodialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease patients in Libya

2017-03-01T00:00:00Z

Haematological Changes in Predialyzed and hemodialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease patients in Libya Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Omar, B. Latiwesh; Dhastagir, Sultan Sheriff Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health problem worldwide, with increasing cost of healthcare particularly in third world nations like Libya. Hematological parameters are generally influenced in CKD and the effect increases with the stage of CKD. Hematological profiles are rarely investigated in CKD subjects in our population. This study was conducted to determine the hematologic profile in Libyan CKD subjects and to compare it in both hemodialyzed and pre-dialyzed patients. The study included 55 hemodialyzed CKD patients, 50 pre-dialyzed CKD patients, and 48 healthy controls. Blood Samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, and complete blood counts including hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets count. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Our results revealed that hypertension was the most common cause of CKD among the studied group. A significantly lower (p< 0.05) RBCs count, hemoglobin levels (Hb), and hematocrit in CKD patients than healthy controls. Platelet count was lower (p< 0.05) in hemodialyzed CKD patients than predialyzed CKD subjects. WBC count showed no significant change in CKD patients compared to control. The prevalence of anemia among hemodialyzed-CKD was markedly high (96% and 100% for males and females respectively) and double that of the predialyzed CKD patients (53% and 52% for males and females respectively). Estimated glomerular filtration rate showed a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) concentration but non-significant correlations with other hematological parameters. These hematological abnormalities expose CKD patients to higher risk of anemia-related complications and bleeding disorders, and the risk increase with the stage of CKD, which may have a role in increasing the rate of patient mortality and morbidity. Moreover, hypertension as the most common cause of CKD in our study, this may indicate the lack management programs for blood pressure in hypertensive patients

EFFECT OF LONG DURATION SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA ON LIVER FUNCTION

2017-01-20T00:00:00Z

EFFECT OF LONG DURATION SEVOFLURANE ANESTHESIA ON LIVER FUNCTION Mustafa, Y. G. Younis; Abdalla, M Jarari; Ayman, Abdelsalam; Nouh, MH Aljarari Background: Sevoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic agent for use in induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Administration has been associated with a smooth, rapid loss of consciousness during inhalation induction and a rapid recovery following discontinuation of anesthesia. Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in oxygen for a 40 year old adult is 2.1%. Sevoflurane can be administered to patients with normal or mild-to-moderately impaired hepatic functions. However, patients with severe hepatic dysfunction were not investigated. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate liver function of the patients who underwent sevoflurane anesthesia for long durations. Material and methods: In this prospective study, 20 patients undergoing surgery with sevoflurane as anesthetic were selected. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin was measured by authenticated methods by using automated system (VITROS 2005, USA) preoperatively and 1st and 3rd day postoperatively. Results: Aspartate aminotransferase level significantly elevated on 1st postoperative day (p<0.001) and on 3rd postoperative day (p=0.012) as compared to preoperative value.Alanine aminotransferase level increased significantly on the1stpostoperative day (p<0.001) and on 3rd day postoperative day (p=0.003). Alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly in 1st postoperative day (p<0.001) and on 3rd postoperative day (p=0.309). Lactate dehydrogenase was decreased significantly in 1st postoperative day (p=0.004) and on 3rd postoperative day (p=0.017). Serum total bilirubin level was increased significantly on the 1st postoperative day (p<0.001) and on 3rd postoperative day (p=0.028). Conclusion: According to this study the liver enzymes and bilirubin were raised but not above reference range. Aspartate and Alanine amino transferase shown decline on 3rd day when compared to 1 st postoperative day. Hence long duration anesthesia by sevoflurane is relatively safe and not hepatotoxic.

Quantitative investigation of calcimimetic R568 on beta cell adhesion and mechanics using AFM single-cell force spectroscopy

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Quantitative investigation of calcimimetic R568 on beta cell adhesion and mechanics using AFM single-cell force spectroscopy أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس In this study we use a novel approach to quantitatively investigate mechanical and interfacial properties of clonal b-cells using AFM-Single Cell Force Spectroscopy (SCFS). MIN6 cells were incu bated for 48 h with 0.5 mM Ca2+ ± the calcimimetic R568 (1 lM). AFM-SCFS adhesion and indentation experiments were performed by using modified tipless cantilevers. Hertz contact model was applied to analyse force–displacement (F–d) curves for determining elastic or Young’s modulus (E). Our results show CaSR-evoked increases in cell-to-cell adhesion parameters and E modulus of single cells, demonstrating that cytomechanics have profound effects on cell adhesion characterization. 2014 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of Atorvastatin Intensity, Obesity, Gender, and Age upon New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Incidence among Libyan Coronary Heart disease patients.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

The effect of Atorvastatin Intensity, Obesity, Gender, and Age upon New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Incidence among Libyan Coronary Heart disease patients. أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس Background: Atorvastatin is one of the statins family of lipid-lowering drugs. Statin has been linked to protective actions against cardiovascular disease; however, the use of statin has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes. Aim of the study: To assess the prevalence of diabetes following the use of Atorvastatin and also to evaluate the effect of the statin intensity, BMI, age, and gender upon the glycemic control and incidence of diabetes. Material and methods: 200 CHD patients divided into 2 groups. The atorvastatin group (using Atorvastatin (40 or 80 mg/day) for < 2 months and the control group (non-atorvastatin users). FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, and AST were investigated, and BMI was calculated for all participants. Results: Generally, the NOD incidence was 17% (17 patients had NOD out of 100 Atorvastatin-consuming patients), whereas, there were no NOD cases in the non-Atorvastatin group (100 cases). The oldest age (≥ 70 years) Atorvastatin-using patients showed the highest incidence of NOD (43.8 %). The NOD incidence was higher in the male group with 22 NOD cases (27.5 %) than that of the female group which showed 3 NOD cases (15%). Regarding the effect of BMI, the obese group (BMI ≥ 30) showed a higher incidence of NOD (23 cases, 45.1%) than the non-obese group (BMI < 30) which showed 13 NOD cases (26.5%) of the atorvastatin using patients. In regards to statin intensity, the 80 mg/day-Atorvastatin subgroup showed 7 NOD cases (30%) which was higher than the 40 mg/day-Atorvastatin subgroup which showed 18 NOD cases (23%) of the atorvastatin using patients. Conclusion: Atorvastatin treatment was significantly implicated in the development of NOD. NOD incidence increases with higher doses of statin. The risk of NOD was also affected by other factors including; obesity, gender, and old age.

The Risk of Developing New Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetogenicity) in Statin Treated Patients

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Risk of Developing New Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetogenicity) in Statin Treated Patients أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس Despite the fact that statins are currently the preferred medical treatment for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as the treatment of hyperlipidemia, many recent research evidences suggested that statin therapy can have adverse effects on patients' glycemic control as well as increased risk of NOD. The results of these studies, though, are somewhat inconsistent. This study aims to look into how statin exposure affects FBG levels and HbA1c levels, Furthermore, we want to draw attention to the elements that influence statins' ability to cause diabetes. This retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Benghazi National Heart Center (NHC) from March 2021 to December 2021. 200 patients [143 men (71.5%), 57 women (28.5%)] They were divided into 2 groups. The first group includes CHD patients on Atorvastatin for more than 2 months. The second group includes CHD patients not taking any statin medication. Any known diabetic case was excluded from both groups. FBG and HbA1c were measured for both groups. In addition, the correlation between statin exposure and FBG-HbA1c was measured along total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), ALT and AST. Out of 100 participant taking atorvastatin we find 36 (36%) cases of NOD compared to 7 (7%) cases with NOD in the Non-statin group. Patients were sub-divide into groups according to dose of atorvastatin .it was 18 NOD case out of 77 (23.4%) for 40 mg/day and 7 NOD case out of 23 (30.4%) for 80 mg subgroup. Statin therapy is at least partially to blame for the emergence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, Atorvastatin has a dose-dependent diabetogenic effect, which tends to increase the FBG and HbA1c. However, other variables such as age, obesity and the presence of any element of metabolic syndrome augment or amplify this effect. It is necessary for patients on statin therapy, especially those with multiple risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetes, should have their glycemic status checked regularly for early detection of any unfavorable alterations in blood glucose levels.

Effects of Simvastatin and Omega 3-fatty Acids on Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipid Profiles, Liver and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effects of Simvastatin and Omega 3-fatty Acids on Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipid Profiles, Liver and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس A group of patients with and hyperlipidemia were divided into male and female groups and further subdivided into 3 groups. These groups received, either simvastatin (20 mg daily), Omega3-fatty acid (2g/day), or both. The blood pressure and lipid profile were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Our data showed that treatment with simvastatin did not produce significant effect on blood pressure, however the blood pressure was significantly reduced in patients received omega 3-fatty acid or simvastatin plus omega3-fatty acid. The total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly decreased in all treated groups. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly increased in all treated groups except in the group of males receiving simvastatin. Alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly in female and male groups receiving simvastatin, but significantly decreased in same groups receiving omega 3-fatty acid and in the males receiving simvastatin plus omega3-fatty acid. The aspartate transaminase (AST) levels significantly decreased in all treated groups except in the female group given omega3- fatty acid. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased only in the groups given simvastatin alone. The levels of urea and creatinine were not affected in all groups. In our prospective study we found that simvastatin decreased TC, TG and LDL, and resulted in elevation of liver transaminases. Omega3- fatty acid alone or in combination with simvastatin has similar effect on lipid profile and it significantly reduces blood pressure without affecting liver or renal function.

Effects of Duration of Treatment, HIV and HCV Co-Infection on Hematological and Hepatic Functions in Libyan Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effects of Duration of Treatment, HIV and HCV Co-Infection on Hematological and Hepatic Functions in Libyan Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem despite the availability of effi cient treatment over the last decades. TB is the most common opportunistic infection among HIV patients and complicated the outcome of treatment globally. Aims: The prevalence of HCV infection among TB patients has not fully been investigated and limited data on rates of HCV co-infection in TB patients exist. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of duration of treatment with fi rst line anti-TB drug, HIV, HCV and co-infection on haematological and hepatic functions in Libyan patients with pulmonary TB. Methods: A total of 120 Libyan newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients (74 males and 46 females) with age range of 26 to 41 years old were enrolled in this study. They were selected for a regular follow up on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pulmonary TB was confi rmed by chest X-ray and sputum smear in all the patients. Patients were divided into three groups; the fi rst group of 75 patients with no HIV and HCV infections (positive control), the second group of 35 patients who had TB and HIV co-infection, before starting anti-microbial therapy, while the third group consists of 20 patients who had TB and HCV coinfection before starting anti-HCV treatment. All patients received a confi rmation of the 1st line anti-TB drug (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for fi ve consecutive weeks) simultaneously. Results: The results showed a signifi cant decrease in white blood cells (WBCs) in all the groups of patients and signifi cant changes in other haematological parameters, there were also signifi cant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in all the groups which indicate hepatic toxicity. Conclusion: Treatment with fi rst line anti-TB drug simultaneously produced hepatotoxicity after two weeks which is more in HIV and HCV co-infection patients.

The Calcium-Sensing Receptor and β-Cell Function

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Calcium-Sensing Receptor and β-Cell Function أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس In addition to its central role controlling systemic calcium homeostasis, the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) can be found on multiple cell types not associated with controlling plasma calcium. The endocrine pancreas is one such tissue, and it is apparent that the receptor plays an important role in regulating b-cell function. During exocytosis, divalent cations are coreleased with insulin and their concentration within the restricted intercellular compartments of the pancreatic islet increases sufficiently to activate the CaSR on neighboring cells. Acute and chronic activation of the receptor has multiple effects on the b-cell, from increasing cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion to directly altering the expression and function of various potassium and voltage-dependent calcium channels. The promiscuous activation of multiple binding partners improves cell adhesion, cell coupling, and cell-to-cell communication within the islet and is the basis for the effect of the CaSR on b-cell function and improved glucose responsiveness.

Calcium-sensing Receptor Activation Increases Cell-cell Adhesion and -cell Function

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

Calcium-sensing Receptor Activation Increases Cell-cell Adhesion and -cell Function أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس Background/Aims: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (﴾CaR)﴿ is expressed in pancreatic -cells where it is thought to facilitate cell-to-cell communication and augment insulin secretion. However, it is unknown how CaR activation improves -cell function. Methods: Immunocytochemistry and western blotting confirmed the expression of CaR in MIN6 -cell line. The calcimimetic R568 (﴾1μM)﴿ was used to increase the affinity of the CaR and specifically activate the receptor at a physiologically appropriate extracellular calcium concentration. Incorporation of 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (﴾BrdU)﴿ was used to measure cell proliferation, whilst changes in non-nutrient-evoked cytosolic calcium were assessed using fura-2-microfluorimetry. AFM-single-cell-force spectroscopy related CaR-evoked changes in epithelial (﴾E)﴿-cadherin expression to improved functional tethering between coupled cells. Results: Activation of the CaR over 48hr doubled the expression of E-cadherin (﴾206±41%)﴿ and increased L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel expression by 70% compared to control. These changes produced a 30% increase in cell-cell tethering and elevated the basalto- peak amplitude of ATP (﴾50μM)﴿ and tolbutamide (﴾100μM)﴿-evoked changes in cytosolic calcium. Activation of the receptor also increased PD98059 (﴾1-100μM)﴿ and SU1498 (﴾1-100μM)﴿- dependent -cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that activation of the CaR increases E-cadherin mediated functional tethering between -cells and increases expression of L-type VDCC and secretagogue-evoked changes in [Ca2+]i. These findings could explain how local changes in calcium, co-released with insulin, activate the CaR on neighbouring cells to help ensure efficient and appropriate secretory function.

A perspective on interaction between lipid and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in developing insulin resistance

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

A perspective on interaction between lipid and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in developing insulin resistance أ.د.مصطفى, يونس جاب الله يونس There is a reciprocal relationship between glucose and fatty acid oxidation. Over nutrition or obesity causes perturbation in this reciprocal metabolic interrelationship leading to “metabolic inflexibility” resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction causing insulin resistance. Excess fat intake in obesity results in an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the adipose tissue accompanied by increased BCAA catabolism in skeletal muscle. This results in an increase in the levels of acyl carnitines which impair insulin action. It is suggested that serum acyl carnitine levels could therefore be taken as markers of insulin resistance.

Convulsion in Children with Down syndrome at Benghazi Children Hospital (2020-2021)

2023-03-21T00:00:00Z

Convulsion in Children with Down syndrome at Benghazi Children Hospital (2020-2021) Dr. Najat, Alrogig Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) (trisomy 21) is the most frequent chromosomal cause of mental retardation, with a frequency rate of about 1 in 700 births. The prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with DS is reported to range from 1% to 13%, higher than in the general population but lower than in patients with mental retardation. Aim: To find the prevalence of convulsion in Down syndrome patients attending pediatric hospital at Benghazi and to find the associated factors related to convulsion in Down syndrome patients. Methodology: cross –sectional study included all Down syndrome patients admitted to pediatric hospital during two years period ( 2020- 2021) , and Patients attending both genetic and neurological clinics during the same years. Results: Total number of cases was 150; History of convulsion was positive in (18)12% of Down syndrome patients. Majority (89%) of patients had generalized tonic clonic, 5.5% had focal convulsion, and 5.5 % had infantile spasm, all patients were in treatment and had good response. Males constitute to 61% of all patients with male to female ratio 1.6:1. Nearly half (50.4%) of male patients their age was 1- 5years, while 43.8% of females was in same age group. Majority of mothers age were > 32years, 88% of all mothers their age 30years or above. All patients with convulsion had no complication during delivery, while 9% of patients without convulsion had complications. More than half (61.5%) of the patients the convulsion started before the age of one year. Results of EEG were abnormal in 25% of patients with convulsion. Conclusion: Normal ECHO was found in 33% of all cases, Atrial septal defect was recorded in 27% of patients with convulsion and 19.5% of patients without convulsion, Ventricular septal defect and Atrial septal defect in 15.4% of patients with convulsion and 10.3% of patients without convulsion, Patent ductus arterious was in 11.5% of patients with convulsion and 3.2%of patients without convulsion. More than half (69.2%) of patients with convulsion had history of congenital heart disease, and 71.4% of patients without convulsion had history of congenital heart disease. Keywords: Down syndrome (DS), mental retardation, genetic and neurological clinics, arterious

Kawasaki Disease Arab Initiative [Kawarabi]: Establishment and Results of a Multicenter Survey

2022-05-27T00:00:00Z

Kawasaki Disease Arab Initiative [Kawarabi]: Establishment and Results of a Multicenter Survey D. Najat, Elrugige Studies on Kawasaki disease (KD) in Arab countries are scarce, often providing incomplete data. This along with the benefts of multicenter research collaboratives led to the creation of the KD Arab Initiative [Kawarabi] consortium. An anonymous survey was completed among potential collaborative Arab medical institutions to assess burden of KD in those countries and resources available to physicians. An online 32-item survey was distributed to participating institutions after conducting face validity. One survey per institution was collected. Nineteen physicians from 12 countries completed the survey representing 19 out of 20 institutions (response rate of 95%). Fifteen (79%) institutions referred to the 2017 American Heart Association guidelines when managing a patient with KD. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is not readily available at 2 institutions (11%) yet available in the country. In one center (5%), IVIG is imported on-demand. The knowledge and awareness among countries’ general population was graded (0 to 10) at median/interquartiles (IQR) 3 (2–5) and at median/IQR 7 (6–8) in the medical community outside their institution. Practice variations in KD management and treatment across Arab countries require solid proactive collaboration. The low awareness and knowledge estimates about KD among the general population contrasted with a high level among the medical community. The Kawarabi collaborative will ofer a platform to assess dis ease burden of KD, among Arab population, decrease practice variation and foster population-based knowledge.

One-Year Study of Clinical Cardiotoxicity Follows Anthracyclin Treatment in Childhood Malignancy at Benghazi Children Hospital

2022-05-27T00:00:00Z

One-Year Study of Clinical Cardiotoxicity Follows Anthracyclin Treatment in Childhood Malignancy at Benghazi Children Hospital D. Najat, Elrugige Background: Treatment of pediatric malignancy has greatly improved and survival according to SEER data, mortality rate declined by 40 percent between 1975 and 1995. This declined in mortality has accompanied by increase in the recognition of long term side effect from treatment of childhood cancer, one of major complication is cardiac, during or after administration of anthracyclin patient can develop acute cardiac toxicity. Aim: To determine the incidence of clinical cardiotoxicity from anthracycline chemotherapy in children with cancer and to identify risk factors. Material and Method: One-year study (2021) to children with cancer were received anthracycline as part of chemotherapy at Children Hospital Benghazi. Results: During the study period one year (Jan.2021- Dec. 2021) 51 cases received anthracyclin as part of chemotherapy were evaluated with echocardiography there is male predominance represented 62.7% & females37.3%, M: F 1.6:1, Age range from 5 months to 14 years, the commonest age group 1-5 years around 25cases represented 49%, Most cases evaluated in our study diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) 24 cases represented 47.1%, 9 cases with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) 17%, Lymphoma 7 cases represented 13,7%, wilm’s tumor 5 cases 9.8%, neuroblastoma 3 cases 5.8%, Each of Retinoblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and hepatoblastoma 1 case (2%), 34 cases were evaluated still on treatment 66.7%, 17 cases 33.3% were finished treatment on follow up 29 cases were received treatment for less than or equal to one year represented to 56.9%, while 22 cases 43.1% >1year, We were divided the patient according to type of anthracyclin (Adriamycin or douanomycin) results show those received Adriamycin only 39.2%, cases were received douanomycin 7.8%, while cases received both of them 53%, 35.9 % of cases received total doses between 201-250 mg\ S.A of anthracyclin, 25 cases 32.1% were received less than 100 mg\S. A, Echocardiography finding were normal in 47 cases represented 92.2%, Acute dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) noted in 1.9%, was improved with treatment reversible, 3 cases with chronic dilated cardiomyopathy represented 5.9%, these 3 cases need treatment and follow up cardiac clinic for long life, 2 cases with trisomy 21 represented 4%, received anthracyclin chemotherapy without complication, 2 cases have congenital heart disease (4%) one has patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 2nd ventricular septal defect (VSD), Both of them received anthracyclin chemotherapy without complication, When we compare cases that develop cardiac complications with age 1 case below one year, 2 cases between 6 – 10 years, 1 case more than 10 years of age, 4 cases with cardiac complication 3 cases were males, 1 case was female, 4 cases with cardiac complication 3 were males,1female. When compare result of Echo with type of drugs if child was received Adriamycin, duanomycin or both of them, with duanomycin only 1 had cardiac toxicity, with adriamycin 1 had cardiac toxicity, 27 patients were received both types of anthracyclin 2 patients get cardiac complications 7.8%. Conclusion: Our study proven anthracyclin is cardio toxic drugs especially in young age group, no mortality in our study, but anthracyclin causing morbidity, No differences between males and females. Keywords: pediatric malignancy, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), anthracyclin chemotherapy, Echocardiography.

Retrospective Review of Transfusion Practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Benghazi Children Hospital (2021-2022)

2023-02-11T00:00:00Z

Retrospective Review of Transfusion Practices in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Benghazi Children Hospital (2021-2022) Dr. Fatima, Alsedawi; Dr. Fadwa Abdalhamid, Aldeghaily; Dr. Negeia, Imhamed Elgaroushi; Dr. Wafa Saad, Abdalrazi This research aims to study the incidence of blood transfusion in relation to totally admitted cases at Neonatal department of Benghazi Libya children hospital, and to estimate most common causes that need blood transfusion, weight, sex, and age at transfusion. Out of 3036 were admitted to Neonatal word from January 2021 to December 2022, 54 cases were received blood transfusion (1.7%), male to female ratio (1.3:1), mean weight was 2.4kg, mean age at transfusion was 24days, 51.9% had compatible blood group of mother and baby blood group, and in 48.1% were non-compatible blood.

Causes of Admissions and Deaths in Neonate Department Benghazi Children Hospital 2019

2022-01-24T00:00:00Z

Causes of Admissions and Deaths in Neonate Department Benghazi Children Hospital 2019 Dr. Fatima, Alsedawi; Dr. Mohamed Masoud, Elferjani; Dr. Salema, Alzhawi; Dr. Fadwa Abdalhamid, Aldeghaily This research aims to study the causes of neonatal admissions and deaths among newborns at neonate department in Benghazi Children Hospital. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted during 2019. Data included; causes of admission, causes of deaths, gender, age, residency, area of referral, duration of hospital stay. Out of 1720 neonatal admissions reviewed, the total number of deaths was 229, the overall mortality rate was (13.3%) but much higher (25.2%) among the referred babies. The male gender was predominant admissions and deaths (61.3% and 63% respectively). Most of neonatal admissions and deaths were occurred in the first week of life. The most frequent cause of admission was neonatal jaundice 492 (28.6%) followed by RD 380 (22.1%). The common cause of death was prematurity

Convulsion in Children with Down syndrome at Benghazi Children Hospital (2020-2021)

2023-03-21T00:00:00Z

Convulsion in Children with Down syndrome at Benghazi Children Hospital (2020-2021) Dr. Fatima, Alsedawi; Dr. Mohamed Masoud, Elferjani; Dr. Najat, Alrogig; Dr. Abdalhamed, Mohamed Alshiki Down syndrome (DS) (trisomy 21) is the most frequent chromosomal cause of mental retardation, with a frequency rate of about 1 in 700 births. The prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with DS is reported to range from 1% to 13%, higher than in the general population but lower than in patients with mental retardation. Aim: To find the prevalence of convulsion in Down syndrome patients attending pediatric hospital at Benghazi and to find the associated factors related to convulsion in Down syndrome patients. Methodology: cross –sectional study included all Down syndrome patients admitted to pediatric hospital during two years period ( 2020- 2021) , and Patients attending both genetic and neurological clinics during the same years. Results: Total number of cases was 150; History of convulsion was positive in (18)12% of Down syndrome patients. Majority (89%) of patients had generalized tonic clonic, 5.5% had focal convulsion, and 5.5 % had infantile spasm, all patients were in treatment and had good response. Males constitute to 61% of all patients with male to female ratio 1.6:1. Nearly half (50.4%) of male patients their age was 1- 5years, while 43.8% of females was in same age group. Majority of mothers age were > 32years, 88% of all mothers their age 30years or above. All patients with convulsion had no complication during delivery, while 9% of patients without convulsion had complications. More than half (61.5%) of the patients the convulsion started before the age of one year. Results of EEG were abnormal in 25% of patients with convulsion. Conclusion: Normal ECHO was found in 33% of all cases, Atrial septal defect was recorded in 27% of patients with convulsion and 19.5% of patients without convulsion, Ventricular septal defect and Atrial septal defect in 15.4% of patients with convulsion and 10.3% of patients without convulsion, Patent ductus arterious was in 11.5% of patients with convulsion and 3.2%of patients without convulsion. More than half (69.2%) of patients with convulsion had history of congenital heart disease, and 71.4% of patients without convulsion had history of congenital heart disease

Role of Quantitative Doppler Assessment in the Differentiation between Graves` Disease and Hashimotos` Thyroiditis

2019-07-01T00:00:00Z

Role of Quantitative Doppler Assessment in the Differentiation between Graves` Disease and Hashimotos` Thyroiditis Salem, Seham Adam; Shembesh, Faisal Mohamed; Kutrani, Faiza

Garyounis Medical Journal 2-21

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

Garyounis Medical Journal 2-21 Ahmaida, Adel Ibrahim

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-21

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-21 Ahmaida, Adel Ibrahim

Garyounis Medical Journal 1/2-16

1993-07-01T00:00:00Z

Garyounis Medical Journal 1/2-16 Gupta, B.S

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-2

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-2 Musa, A.; Visweswara, R.N

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-20

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

Garyounis Medical Journal 1-20 Zaied, A.F; Shembesh, T.M; Taktouk, S.M; Elrefay, N; Sassi, M.A; Kamble, L

Value of Skin Biopsy as a Diagnostic Procedure in Dermatology in Benghazi, Libya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

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