Faculty of Dentistry

Potential risk factors associated with dental caries among Libyan children

Wed, 25 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Potential risk factors associated with dental caries among Libyan children Rasmia, M Huew; Sukaina, B Elsheibani; Khadeejah, S Buzaribah; Eman, K Mansur Aims: To investigate any association between the experience of dental caries and its potential risk factors in Libyan schoolchildren and to investigate any gender differences for these factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren in Benghazi. A random sample of 8-10-year-old children underwent dental examination. Data on dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, parents’ educational levels were obtained by a survey. Dental caries was assessed using WHO recommendations. The data were entered and managed by using SPSS software version 25. Results: For the whole sample (372) caries prevalence was 86.6%. The experience of caries increased with increasing the frequency of sugared dietary items consumption. This was not statistically significant association. Of the sample; 37.9% who had experience of caries consumed sugared dietary items with frequency of twice per day, 28.0% with frequency once per day, and 18.0% with frequency of two or three times per week. The experience of caries decreased with increasing the frequency of tooth brushing; 21.90% of the subjects with caries reported frequency of tooth brushing of two or more per day, 32.30% with frequency of once per day. Girls reported a higher frequency of tooth brushing than boys. The experience of caries decreased with parents’ increasing educational level. Conclusions: The present findings have important implications for public health strategy and further studies. More research is also necessary to explore the effectiveness of various interventions whether diet or oral hygiene practice or parents’ educational levels in experience of caries in children from different social and cultural backgrounds.

Concordance between Libyan Child and Parent Self‑Reports of Oral‑Health‑Related Quality of Life

Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Concordance between Libyan Child and Parent Self‑Reports of Oral‑Health‑Related Quality of Life Eman, K. M. Mansur; William, Murray Thomson; Khadeejah, S. H. Buzaribah; Sukaina, B. Elsheibani Background: Measuring oral health‑related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a person‑centered approach to investigating oral health. Proxy reports by parents or caregivers were used for assessing children’s health‑related quality of life (HRQoL) for decades. Using appropriate questionnaire techniques, it has become possible to get valid and reliable information from children about 8 years of age. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the OHRQoL of 8–10‑year‑old Libyan schoolchildren from viewpoints of both the children and their parents, in order to evaluate the concordance between child and parent ratings. Materials and Methods: This is a cross‑sectional study using a representative sample of 303 8–10‑year‑old Libyan schoolchildren. Data were collected using Arabic versions of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 8–10‑year‑old children (CPQ8–10) and the Parent‑caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P‑CPQ8). Participants were examined for both traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and dental caries. Questions about the mother’s and father’s educational levels and current occupations were also asked, along with information on the child’s age and sex. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The alpha value was 0.05. Results: The mean CPQ8–10 score was 3.5 ± 4.2 (range: 0–18) overall, and those who had had caries experience or a TDI had higher CPQ8–10 scores, on average. The mean P‑CPQ8 score was 7.5 ± 5.4 (range 0–27), and there were no apparent differences by parental education or employment status. The association between child and parental ratings of the children’s OHRQoL was weak. The parents overestimated OHRQoL relative to their children’s self‑assessments. Conclusions: There is relatively low agreement between Libyan children and parents in their responses to OHRQoL scales, particularly in cases where that impact is greater. Where possible, if the aim is to obtain a more complete picture of the impact of a child’s oral state on his/her life, both child and parental reports should be used.

Deciduous and permanent dental caries status among primary schoolchildren of Libya: A cross-sectional study

Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Deciduous and permanent dental caries status among primary schoolchildren of Libya: A cross-sectional study Rasmia, M Huew; Sukaina, B Elsheibani; Khadeejah, S Buzaribah; Eman, K Mansur Aim: to assess prevalence and severity of dental caries (DMFT for permanent dentition and dmft for primary dentition) among Libyan children. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study including a random sample of 372 children was conducted in Benghazi. Experience of dental caries was assessed by decayed, missing, and filled teeth DMFT and dmft indices using WHO criteria of diagnosing dental caries. The data were entered and managed by using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive analysis of the data including frequencies, percentages and means of school-children's decayed, missing and filled components was performed. Results: Overall dental caries prevalence was 86.6%. The mean DMFT and dmft indices were 0.86 and 2.78 for all 372 subjects amongst which major contributor was decayed component. Considering only subjects with caries experience (322), mean DMFT and dmft indices were 1.00 and 3.21, respectively. Higher prevalence of dmft scores was observed than DMFT scores in all subjects and in subjects with caries experience. For all subjects DMFT, the Decay index was 89.5%, Missing index was 3.5% and Care index was 6.7%. For all subjects dmft, the Decay index was 89.9%, Missing index was 7.9% and Care index was 2.1%. Conclusions: Caries prevalence was high considering the World Health Organization future oral health goals. Although the prevalence in the study sample is high, Care index is unacceptably low. The findings stress on the need to treat the children at the initial stages of caries development with preventive approaches. Providing and implementing preventive and educational programs for controlling dental caries are necessary.

Variable morphology of Mandibular First Molar roots and canals: A Literature Review

Tue, 02 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Variable morphology of Mandibular First Molar roots and canals: A Literature Review Khadeejah, S Buzaribah; Randa, F Salih; Aisha, G Areibi A precise knowledge of the anatomical characteristics of the various types of human teeth and their possible morphological variations is considered one of the fundamental elements for a successful treatment in various subjects of dentistry especially in endodontic. Studies revealed that improper exploration of all canals of an endodontically treated tooth for subsequent disinfection and obturation may result in failure of the endodontic therapy. Over the years, there have been numerous researches and studies that described the morphology of all teeth including mandibular first molar. The root canals of permanent mandibular first molar in human dentitions exhibit extensive anatomical variations and abnormalities in its number and configuration. Profound understanding and thorough knowledge of both normal and abnormal anatomy considered as a critical factor in determining the success of endodontic therapy. The endodontic treatment of multi-rooted teeth was always a challenging task for dental practitioners. Therefore, a successful endodontic therapy should be always combined by a thorough knowledge as well as the use of specialized and innovated techniques for diagnosis, debridement and obturation. The current review article attempts to list out all the variations of permanent mandibular first molar root canal number in more than thirty studies and case reports published so far.

Materials and Techniques used by General Dental Practitioners in Libya during Endodontic Treatment of Permanent Molar Teeth

Sat, 04 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Materials and Techniques used by General Dental Practitioners in Libya during Endodontic Treatment of Permanent Molar Teeth Randa, F Salih; Khadeejah, S. H. Buzaribah; Naeima, M Betamar; Fatma, Asheibi Aim: To investigate the current trends in routine endodontic treatment of molar teeth performed by Libyan general dental practitioners (GDPs). Materials and methods: A total of 750 structured questioners enquiring about various aspects of endodontic treatment were dispersed among GDPs who work in public and private clinics in five major Libyan cities (Tripoli, Benghazi, Sabha, Misrata, Albida). Results: Of the 750 questionnaires, 337 completed replies were received. The response rate was 44.9%. Amongst those 88.1% performed endodontic treatment for molar teeth, while 11.9% mentioned that they refe difficult clinical cases to endodontic specialists. 21.1% of GDPs used rubber dam for isolation. About 95.3% used radiograph for working length determination and only 4.7% used apex locater. More than half of participants (58.2%) never found MB2 canal in upper molars, and only 2% of them used magnification tools during root canal treatment. The majority of GDPs (90.8%) used sodium hypochlorite as an intra-canal irrigant, while calcium hydroxide was used by 60.5% of GDPs as an intra-canal medicament, followed by formocresol (39.5%).The step-back and crown-down preparation techniques were the methods of choice in this study with a percentage of 61.4% and 24.9% respectively. Hand instruments were used by 64.4% and rotary instruments were used by 35.6% of the GDPs. Cold lateral condensation was used by 76.6%, while the rest used single cone technique for obturation. Zinc oxide eugenol was used by 73.9%. The majority of the GDPs completed root canal treatment in three visits or even more (85.4%). Conclusions: Majority of Libyan GDPs performed root canal treatment for molar teeth starting with pre-operative radiograph, used variety of endodontic materials and techniques, and implemented new materials and technologies when they became obtainable. Yet, most GDPs used step-back technique for canal preparation and lateral condensation for obturation. Few GDPs used rubber dam which highlights the importance of applying policy and regulations for good-quality practice.

Radiographic Assessment of Distomolar Prevalence in Patients Attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Radiographic Assessment of Distomolar Prevalence in Patients Attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi Aisha, Areibi; Aziza, Eltira; Fowziya, Ali Background: Extra teeth are usually seen in any area of mandible and maxilla. The distomolar is an extra tooth that occurs in both jaws distal to the third molar, where various studies pointed to assess the occur-rence of distomolars in various people. Objectives: Aimed to estimate the frequency of distomolars in teeth of patient attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi Methods: A total of 3989 panoramic radiographs were examined for patient’s age ranged from 20 years and above. The presences, location and shape of distomolars were studied. There were 1432 women and 2557 men. Results: The outcomes of the study showed that distomolars were detected in 0.18% of the examined people. The extra teeth were noticed in both genders with frequency 0.08% in men and 0.10% in women. In total, 9 extra teeth were detected in 7 patients. Upper jaw distomolars were more frequently observed than lower one. Distomolars in both quadrants of the jaw were found in one female patient and two distomolars were found in another one. All distomolars were impacted. Conclusions: Even though the occurrence of the extra teeth is a little, initial exploration and management are significantly diminish or avoid problems, such as late eruption, non-eruption of teeth, ectopic eruption, abnormal root development or resorption of neighbouring teeth, crowding and cystic lesions.

The Prevalence of Upper Midline Diastema in Benghazi-Libya

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

The Prevalence of Upper Midline Diastema in Benghazi-Libya Huda, Elmehdawi; Fathia, Hammad Background and aims. The localized space between central incisors in upper jaw is termed as midline diastema. The midline diastema is typical part of normal dental development during the period of mixed dentition (self-limiting). The continuing presence of the diastema between the maxillary central incisors in adult often is considered an esthetic or malocclusion problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of midline diastema among a sample of Libyan patients and to find out whether it's more common in males or females. Methods. The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of dentistry, university of Benghazi on a randomly selected 562 individuals (149 males and 413 females) to investigate the prevalence of midline diastema among them. The measurements in current study were carried out directly on patient’s examination. The age of the subject’s study ranged from (16-32 years; average 24 years). Results. A total of 562 patients were screened, among which midline diastema was present in 5.34% (30) of the cases. Conclusion. From 562 OPD patients in orthodontic Department patients, only 5.34% had midline maxillary diastema, while 94.66% were normal means without midline maxillary diastema. With no statistical difference between males and females.

Prevalence of Medical Conditions among Dental Patients in Benghazi

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence of Medical Conditions among Dental Patients in Benghazi Huda, El Mehdawi; Saleh, Hamouda ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of medical conditions and its relation to age and gender, among patients requesting dental treatment in private dental clinic, Benghazi University. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on a total of 1192 patients reporting to the private dental clinic of Benghazi University, period from September, 2014 to April, 2016. The patient’s medical history was recorded on a predesigned preformat to find out the type of medical conditions in patients requiring dental treatment .The age range of the study population was from 15 years to 87 years, divided into seven age groups. Results were evaluated to see which medical problem is the most prevalent and to assess its relation to age and gender. Results: This study showed that out of 1192 dental patients, 711 were females and 481 were males. 380 (31.88%) were with medical problems. The five most prevalent conditions in descending order were endocrine diseases which constituted 35.26%, cardiovascular diseases which constituted 27.89%, gastrointestinal disorders (14.73%), hematological disorders (5.79 %) and respiratory conditions (5.79%). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm that the prevalence of medical conditions is significant among patients requiring dental treatment. Therefore a thorough medical history and careful clinical examination is mandatory before any dental procedure. It seems absolutely essential for dental practitioners to take a detailed medical history prior to any therapeutic procedure, as certain medical conditions, if unnoticed, will lead to unfavorable consequences and /or repercussions.

Styloid Process Elongation, Shape and Calcification Pattern According to Age and Gender

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Styloid Process Elongation, Shape and Calcification Pattern According to Age and Gender MSc, Elmehadwi Huda; Saleh, A. Hamouda; MSc, A.H. Mohamed Khadiga Background: Styloid process (SP) is a slender pointed part of the temporal bone, which is closely related to the stylomastoid foramen. As many important neurovascular structures located near the tip of SP, the elongation or ossification of stylohyoid ligament may be associated with pain related to orofacial region known as Eagle’s syndrome. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of elongated SP, its morphology and calcification pat-tern on digital panoramic radiographs in patients attending the dental clinic of the University of Ben-ghazi. Material and Methods: The digital panoramic radiographs with visible styloid processes of the stud-ied group of patients were studied for their visibility, length and pattern of calcification. The length of styloid processes was measured in the radiograph and was considered elongated if that length ex-ceeded 30 mm. The prevalence and pattern of elongation and calcification were determined according to Langlais classification. Results: Out of the 304 patients (164 are males and 140 are females) examined radiographically, the elongation of SP was detected in 156 (51.31%) of the patients. It was bilateral in 151 (96.79%) cases. There were no significant differences between males and females in regard to the length and shape of SP between in all age groups in both sexes, but the calcification pattern was significantly different between the age groups in both sexes. The outlined pattern of calcification of SP was the most preva-lent especially in the younger age group (10-19 years), while the complete calcification pattern was most commonly detected in the older age group (≥ 60 years). Conclusion: elongated SP whether it is accompanied by pain symptoms or asymptomatic, can easily be detected on a digital panoramic radiograph and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain.

Unilateral Talon Cusp on Primary Lateral incisor in a three-year-old Libyan Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Unilateral Talon Cusp on Primary Lateral incisor in a three-year-old Libyan Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review. Huda, R Elmehdawia Background: Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly; it is a cusp-like projection appears usually on the palatal surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth in both deciduous and permanent teeth. Case report: A threeyear- old Libyan girl seeks the dentist for carious anterior teeth. On examination: asymptomatic talon cusp on the palatal side of tooth 52 was found. Discussion: Talon cusp is more common in permanent dentition than primary dentition, and is relatively rare in primary maxillary lateral Incisor comparing with the primary maxillary central incisors. Conclusion: Talon cusp is asymptomatic, but it could affect esthetic or interfere with occlusion, and might be a sign for a developmental anomaly in its permanent successors, so early diagnosis and management are important

Effects of Interaction between Cadmium and Selenium on Parotid Glands in Rats (Histopathological and Histochemical Studies)

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Effects of Interaction between Cadmium and Selenium on Parotid Glands in Rats (Histopathological and Histochemical Studies) Aisha, Areibi Purpose: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main chemical pollutants found in the environment of developed countries. Cigarettes are a significant source of the metal, which makes them notable in terms of oral cavity health. Cadmium, a particularly active xenobiotic, damages cellular metabolism at the level of various enzymatic systems of the cell, which may disturb the functioning of salivary glands. Material and Methods: The experiment presented in this paper was conducted over the period of three months and was conducted on 50 adult male rats. The rats were randomized into five groups. Group 1 (control), Group II received 1/50 Cd alone, Group III received 1/100 Cd, Group IV received Selinum (Se) +1/50 Cd and Group V received Se+ 1/100 Cd. Supplementation during exposure to Cd and Se was administrated in drinking water. Results: The histopathological and histochemical changes of the cells of the parotid gland are most pronounced at Cd concentration while the outcome data confirmed the protective effect of increased Se intake on the parotid gland tissue in chronic Cd exposure. Conclusion: The outcome data confirmed the protective effect of Se intake on the parotid gland tissue in chronic Cd exposure.

Treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes Philip, M. Preshaw; John, J. Taylor; Katrin, M. Jaedicke; Marko, De Jager; Jan, Willem Bikker; Wieke, Selten; Susan, M. Bissett; Kerry, M. Whall; Rachel, van de Merwe; Aisha, Areibi; Paiboon, Jitprasertwong; Rana, Al-Shahwani; Jolanta, Weaver; Roy, Taylor; Rebecca, R. Wassall Aims: To assess the impact of periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 83) and without diabetes (controls, n = 75) were recruited, and participants with periodontitis received periodontal treatment and 12 months’ follow-up. Biomarkers for periodontal inflammation (gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, adiponectin) and serum markers of inflammation and diabetes control (glycated haemoglobin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, leptin, adiponectin) were measured. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate periodontal treatment effects on oral and systemic inflammation. Results: Periodontal treatment resulted in significant improvements in clinical status and reductions in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers from baseline to month 12. Structural equation modelling identified that, at baseline, individuals with diabetes and periodontitis had significantly higher systemic inflammation than non-diabetic controls with periodontitis (Δ = 0.20, p = .002), with no significant differences between groups for oral inflammation. There was a greater reduction in systemic inflammation following periodontal treatment in individuals with diabetes and periodontitis compared to those with periodontitis but not diabetes (Δ = −0.25, p = .01). Conclusions: Diabetes and periodontitis together appear to increase systemic inflammation, with evidence of reductions following periodontal treatment.

Radiographic Assessment of Distomolar Prevalence in Patients Attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Radiographic Assessment of Distomolar Prevalence in Patients Attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi Aisha, Areibi; Khadeejah, Buzaribah; Aziza Eltira, Eltira; Fowziya, Ali Background: Extra teeth are usually seen in any area of mandible and maxilla. The distomolar is an extra tooth that occurs in both jaws distal to the third molar, where various studies pointed to assess the occur-rence of distomolars in various people. Objectives: Aimed to estimate the frequency of distomolars in teeth of patient attending to Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi Methods: A total of 3989 panoramic radiographs were examined for patient’s age ranged from 20 years and above. The presences, location and shape of distomolars were studied. There were 1432 women and 2557 men. Results: The outcomes of the study showed that distomolars were detected in 0.18% of the examined people. The extra teeth were noticed in both genders with frequency 0.08% in men and 0.10% in women. In total, 9 extra teeth were detected in 7 patients. Upper jaw distomolars were more frequently observed than lower one. Distomolars in both quadrants of the jaw were found in one female patient and two distomolars were found in another one. All distomolars were impacted. Conclusions: Even though the occurrence of the extra teeth is a little, initial exploration and management are significantly diminish or avoid problems, such as late eruption, non-eruption of teeth, ectopic eruption, abnormal root development or resorption of neighbouring teeth, crowding and cystic lesions.

Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a population with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a clinical cross-sectional study

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in a population with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a clinical cross-sectional study Huda, H. Mohamed; Muna, S. Elburki; Nadein, A. Elsharif; Amelsaad, B. Elbarasi; Manal, S. Bazina; Salma, M. Werfully The correlation between periodontitis and chronic renal disease (CRD) is still being debated. Periodontitis increases the systemic inflammatory burden, which worsens CRD, and the CRD can affect the progression of periodontal disease. We don’t fully understand how one disease can affect another disease. As a result, the pur- pose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients requiring hemodialysis, as well as the relationship between various clini- cal periodontal parameters and serum creatinine, serum albumin, and blood urea. This cross-sectional study included 167 participants with chronic renal diseases undergoing hemodialysis. Patients’ data was collected with face-to-face interviews, followed by biochemical investigations for each participant. Modified Plaque Score and Modified Bleeding Score were recorded. Probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured. The subjects were categorized into three groups: periodontally healthy individuals, gingivitis and periodontitis. The severity of periodontitis has been identified. Out of 167 subjects who participated in the study, 101 were male and 66 were female, with a mean age of 50.45 years. Poor oral hygiene and peri- odontitis were found to be much higher among dialysis patients. 98.8% of them had periodontitis and 63.0% had severe forms (stage III and IV). A significant positive correlation between serum albumin and staging of periodontitis was also observed (p = 0.03). Severe periodontal diseases were more prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis and a substantial drop in albumin levels is linked to severe periodontitis, which may increase the chance of morbidity and death in these individuals.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF INTRAPOCKET APPLICATION OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS GEL AS ADJUNCTIVE TO NON-SURGICAL THERAPY IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE PERIODONTITIS (A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL)

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF INTRAPOCKET APPLICATION OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS GEL AS ADJUNCTIVE TO NON-SURGICAL THERAPY IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE PERIODONTITIS (A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL) Nadein, A. El.Sharif; BDs Ahmed, M. Hommos; PhD, M. El-Moslemany Riham; PhD, L. Mikhael Neveen; PhD, K. Anwar Souzy Mechanical removal of dental biofilm is the gold standard therapy in treatment of moderate periodontitis. Local delivery drugs as adjunctives to conventional treatment are widely used to modulate inflammatory host response and eliminate microbes. Nowadays, herbal therapies have been used as safe alternative agents in place of antibiotics to overcome antibiotics side effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of intra-pocket application of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) gel on periodontal status. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty patients with moderate periodontitis, divided equally into two groups. Group-I was managed by SRP with the intrapocket application of 2% lemongrass oil gel. Group- II was managed by SRP with the intra-pocket application of a placebo gel. Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured for each group at baseline before and twelve weeks after treatment. RESULTS: All assessed parameters showed improvement at the end of the study period in both groups compared to baseline. CAL, BOP, and PI showed a significant decrease from baseline to the end of the study in lemongrass gel group when compared to placebo group. CONCLUSION: Combining intrapocket lemongrass gel with SRP was more effective in improving the clinical periodontal status than using SRP alone in the treatment of moderate periodontitis.

Anticancer effect of flaxseed and Cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An in-vitro study

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Anticancer effect of flaxseed and Cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An in-vitro study Fatema., Elturki; Gehani, Ghada; Werfalli, Sumeia Aims: oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer and is currently largely treated by surgery and/or radiation. Significant complications can occur because of these treatments. Adjunct therapies that are safer and less toxic are being explored. This study aims to investigate the potential anti-cancerous effect of the flaxseed on oral squamous carcinoma cells in vitro and determine the possible modulation of the activity of cisplatin by flaxseed using different durations of applications. Material and Methods: OSCC cell line cells were cultured and the MTT assay was used to assess cell metabolic activity. Results: The antiproliferative effect of flaxseed oil at 24 and 48 hours as measured by the IC50 was 71.48±4.26 ug/ml and 18.11±1.36 ug/ml respectively. The mean percentage of viable cells at 24 and 48 hours when treated with flaxseed oil was 66.2+/-14.6 and 56.3+/- 12.7, p-value <0.001. At 24 hours, the antiproliferative effect of cisplatin alone vs. when combined with flaxseed oil as measured by the IC50 was 9.59 +/- 0.32 ug/ml vs. 12.91+/- 0.94 ug/ml. The mean percentage of viable cells when treated with cisplatin alone vs. flaxseed oil combined with Cisplatin was 52.8+/- 14.4% vs. 55.1+/-15.5%, p-value=0.02. At 48 hours, the antiproliferative effect of cisplatin alone vs. when combined with flaxseed oil as measured by the IC50 was 2.70±0.11 ug/ml vs. 1.55±0.04 ug/ml. The mean percentage of viable cells when treated with cisplatin alone vs. flaxseed oil combined with Cisplatin was 45.4+/- 12.1 vs. 42.1+/-12.5, p-value=0.004. Conclusion: Further studies to explore potential mechanisms of the anticancer effect of flaxseed oil are needed.

The Anticipated Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) Antagonist on Pulp Tissue Repair in Rabbits

Mon, 04 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

The Anticipated Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) Antagonist on Pulp Tissue Repair in Rabbits Fatema, F. Elturki; Mona, H. Farid; Heba, A. Adawy Purpose: To investigate the effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) antagonist on pulp tissue repair in rabbits. Materials and Methods: 24 adult healthy male rabbits were used in this study divided into three main groups: Group I (control): 2 rabbits with normal teeth without pulp exposure. Group II (TG): The exposed pulps of right posterior teeth of 22 rabbits were capped with KolSpon in association with 34 nM Tideglusib. Group III (MTA): The exposed pulps of left posterior teeth of 22 rabbits were capped with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The 2 rabbits with normal teeth and 6 rabbits with pulp capped posterior teeth were euthanized after one day. Their DNAs were extracted and tested for expression of Axin2 and β-actin by qPCR. 8 rabbits were euthanized after 4 weeks, and another 8 was euthanized after 6 weeks. The teeth were collected and prepared for immunohistochemical study using anti- β-catenin antibody. Results: The qPCR results showed the higher expression of Axin2 in the Tideglusib group than control group (without treatment) by about 5 folds and about 1.5 fold in the MTA group. The immunohistochemical results revealed the increase intensity in the Tideglusib group than MTA at four weeks with no significance difference (p>0.05).Whilst after 6 weeks the higher expression was in Tideglusib group with significance difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Tideglusib drug stimulates the expression of Axin2 transcription factor gene which is known to play a key role in regulation of odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation.

The Effects of Neostigmine on the Secretory Endpiece Cells of the Sublingual Glands in Female Rabbits

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

The Effects of Neostigmine on the Secretory Endpiece Cells of the Sublingual Glands in Female Rabbits Ahmed H., Elramlia; Lobna, A. Elfrgani; Hoda, Mansur; Bashir, A. Saad; Abeer, H. Amer The importance of saliva for the integrity and wellbeing of the oral cavity and speech is well documented, especially in people suffering from xerostomia. Salivary glands are susceptible to a variety of medication, as well as to a number of pathological conditions. The aim of the present work was to describe the effects of neostigmine, a drug used to mimic the effect of stimulation of parasympathetic nervous system on sublingual gland. It inhibits the action of the enzyme cholinesterase, which destroys the substance acetylcholine at nerve endings. To clarify its histological profiles, the drug was studied to investigate possible histological structural changes which might occur in the secretory endpieces of the sublingual gland. Twelve female rabbits were used to study the effect of neostigmine, as parasympathomimetic drug. Different doses of neostigmine were used including the therapeutic, double therapeutic and triple therapeutic dose. Neostigmine was injected intraperitoneally for two weeks. At the end of the time allocated the sublingual gland of each group was dissected and examined histologically with Hematoxylin and Eosin stains. Significant increase in the diameter of the mucous acini and foamy appearance and vacuolation of the cytoplasm of the cells were observed in the experimental group treated with triple therapeutic dose of neostigmine

Structural Histological changes in the parotid salivary gland of rabbit treated with neostigmine

Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Structural Histological changes in the parotid salivary gland of rabbit treated with neostigmine A, EL-Ramli,; A.Y, Yasear,; A, Sultan, Back ground: Neostigmine is parasympathomimetic drug. It is commonly used for treatment of myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, urinary retention, xerostomia, and post operative ileus. Parasympathomimetic drugs increase the rate of salivation. Methods: Twelve female rabbits were used in this experiment to show the effect of neostigmine. Therapeutic, double therapeutic and triple therapeutic doses of the drug were administered intramuscularly for two weeks. Samples of parotid salivary glands were processed for light microscopy. Sections of parotid were stained with H&E, PAS, and alcian blue. Statistical analysis was followed to measure the diameter of the secretory acini. Results: The most noticeable changes were significant increase in the diameter of the secretory acini, and vacuolation with foamy appearance of the cells of the acini in treated groups. The PAS positive reaction in the acini was decreased as the dose of the drug increased. It was completely vanished in triple therapeutic dose of the drug. Negative reaction was obtained after alcian blue staining. Conclusion: Neostigmine as sialogogues drug simulates the effect of parasympathomimetic drugs. The structural histological alterations noticed in this study substantiate the use of this drug in cases of xerostomia

Premature Age Changes Associated with Cimetidine Treatment: A Histological Study

Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT

Premature Age Changes Associated with Cimetidine Treatment: A Histological Study A.H., Elramli,; A., Sultan,; A.Y, Yasear Cimetidine is histamine H2 receptor antagonist, its main clinical use is as an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. For this study 12 (6 months old) female rabbits were used in this experiment. The rabbits were divided into four groups, three rabbits each.; viz:G1 received therapeutic dose of the drug (55.5 mg); G 2 received double therapeutic dose; G 3 received triple therapeutic dose; the fourth group served as a control. The injection was given twice daily for four weeks. The parotid glands were removed, fixed in neutral buffered formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. The sections were stained with haematoxyline and eosin, one step trichrome, and PAS stains Histometric evaluations of diameter of secretory end pieces were conducted. Data, expressed as means ± SEM, were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison tests. Probability less than 0.05 is considered significant. In cimetidine treated rabbits the pronounced observations in the parotid gland were the decrease in the diameter of the acini ; increase in the connective tissue fibers; lymphocytic infiltration; increase in the amount of fat. The accumulation of fat cells and connective tissue fibers was considered as premature age changes in the gland. Fat deposition and fibrosis seen in cimetidine treated group may be related to parenchymal destruction caused by lymphocytic infiltrations. Our histological findings have demonstrated that the use of cimetidine has an inhibitory action on the activity and nature of saliva synthesized by the parotid glands in rabbits

Nfkb2 deficiency and its impact on plasma cells and immunoglobulin expression in murine small intestinal mucosa

Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Nfkb2 deficiency and its impact on plasma cells and immunoglobulin expression in murine small intestinal mucosa Ahmed, H. Elramli; Stamatia, Papoutsopoulou; Joseph, Tang; Jonathan, M. Williams; Nitika, Gupta; Felix, I. Ikuomola; Raheleh, Sheibani-Tezerji; Mohammad, T. Alam,; Juan, R. Hernández-Fernaud; Jorge, H. Caama~no,; Chris, S. Probert; Werner, Muller; Carrie, A. Duckworth; D. Mark, Pritchard The alternative (noncanonical) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway predominantly regulates the function of the p52/RelB heterodimer. Germline Nfkb2 deficiency in mice leads to loss of p100/p52 protein and offers protection against a variety of gastrointestinal conditions, including azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced small intestinal epithelial apoptosis. However, the common underlying protective mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We applied high-throughput RNA-Seq and proteomic analyses to characterize the transcriptional and protein signatures of the small intestinal mucosa of naïve adult Nfkb2 / mice. Those data were validated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative ELISA using both small intestinal tissue lysates and serum. We identified a B-lymphocyte defect as a major transcriptional signature in the small intestinal mucosa and immunoglobulin A as the most downregulated protein by proteomic analysis in Nfkb2 / mice. Small intestinal immunoglobulins were dramatically dysregulated, with undetectable levels of immunoglobulin A and greatly increased amounts of immunoglobulin M being detected. The numbers of IgA-producing, cluster of differentiation (CD)138-positive plasma cells were also reduced in the lamina propria of the small intestinal villi of Nfkb2 / mice. This phenotype was even more striking in the small intestinal mucosa of RelB / mice, although these mice were equally sensitive to LPS-induced intestinal apoptosis as their RelBþ/þ wild-type counterparts. NF-κB2/p52 deficiency confers resistance to LPS-induced small intestinal apoptosis and also appears to regulate the plasma cell population and immunoglobulin levels within the gut.

Anti-CD3 Antibody Induces T-Cell Mediated Apoptosis and Shedding of Murine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Anti-CD3 Antibody Induces T-Cell Mediated Apoptosis and Shedding of Murine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells AH, Elramli; CA, Duckworth,; BJ, Campbell; DM, Pritchard Introduction Anti-CD3 antibody binds to the CD3/TCR complex on the wall of T lymphocytes and results in their activation. This leads to the release of various cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF). TNF has previously been shown to bind to the TNFR1 receptor on the basolateral wall of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), triggering their apoptosis and shedding (Williams JM et al, DMM, 2013). We aimed to determine the time course and dose response of anti-CD3 antibody-induced apoptosis in murine small IECs and investigate whether this is regulated by the expression of members of the NFκB family of proteins. Methods Groups of 3 wild-type female C57BL/6 J mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 mg/kg anti-CD3 antibody and were euthanased at different time-points from 1–6 hours. Groups of 3 wild-type female C57BL/6 J were subsequently injected i.p. with 0.5–4 mg/kg anti-CD3 antibody and were killed after 1.5 hours. The responses of 6 NFκB1-/-,6 NFκB2-/- and 6 c-Rel-/- female mice were compared with 6 C57BL/6 mice 1.5 hours after i.p. administration of 2 mg/kg anti-CD3 antibody. After euthanasia, the small intestine was dissected, fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded to produce histological slides. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit anti-mouse active caspase 3 primary antibody. Positively stained cells reflecting the percentage of shedding and apoptotic cells were scored on 20 villi per mouse on a cell positional basis. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (with Tukey post-hoc test for multiple comparisons). p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results 1 mg/kg anti-CD3 antibody caused a significant increase in the percentage of IECs undergoing apoptosis and shedding from 1±0.1% in untreated mice to a peak of 2.3±0.1% at 1.5 hours then started to decline to reach 1.3±0.1% at 6 hours. The percentage of IECs undergoing apoptosis and shedding increased with increasing doses of anti-CD3 antibody with a maximum of 5.6±0.2% observed 1.5 hours after administration of 4 mg/kg anti-CD3 antibody. Although NFκB1-/- mice (5.1±0.3%) and c-Rel-/- mice (4.8±0.6%) showed more IEC apoptosis and shedding than wild-type (3.6±0.2%) these differences were not significant. However NFκB2-/- mice were much more resistant (0.8±0.1%) (p < 0.001). In all cases the effects of anti-CD3 antibody were most pronounced in the apical portion of small intestinal villi. Conclusion Systemic administration of anti-CD3 antibody induces apoptosis and shedding of murine IECs. The time course and cell positional distribution of apoptotic cells are very similar to those observed following administration of either lipopolysaccharide or TNF. The responses to anti-CD3 antibody are significantly affected by the expression of NFκB2.

Reasons for Tooth Extraction among Libyan Adults: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Reasons for Tooth Extraction among Libyan Adults: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study Ahmed, H Elramli; Ashraf, S Elzer; Hana, A Ensir; Ali, Elsalhi; Rasha, A Kablan; Mohamed, S Jedeh; Abdussalam, Eddaiki Background: Tooth loss can be due to many causes, which results in many bad consequences on the dentition function and esthetics. Aims: This study was aimed to assess reasons and patterns of tooth extraction among Libyan adults. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six Libyan cities (Benghazi, Derna, Misurata, Tripoli, Zintan, and Hoon) representing different geographical provinces of the country. Data was collected over 6-month period (from September 2016 to March 2017) using an especially designed form recruiting Libyan patients aged ≥17 years of age who visited the participating dental practices and who provided a verbal consent to take a part in the study. The reasons for tooth extraction were classified as: dental caries, severe periodontitis, trauma, impaction, orthodontics reasons, prosthodontics reasons, associated with a pathological lesions (such as cysts), failed root canal treatment, and retained primary or supernumerary teeth. Variables studied were patient’s age, gender, educational level, occupation status and type of dental clinic. SPSS software were used for data analysis and the appropriate statistical tests were applied at (p value set at 0.05). Results: The mean age of participants was 38.6 years with standard deviation (SD) of 14.83. A total of 2958 permanent teeth were extracted. The main reason for tooth extraction was dental caries 1912 (64.6%), followed by severe periodontitis 270 (9.1%), tooth impaction 231 (7.8%), prosthodontic reasons 172 (5.8%) and failed root canal treatment 157 (5.3%). The most common teeth extracted were the lower right third molar 235 (7.9%), lower left third molar 227 (7.75) and lower left first molar 187 (6.3%) respectively. The most common age group of female patients was 21-30 years as they had 779 (26.3%) teeth extracted. Low education level was the most frequent risk factor for tooth extraction 1663 (57.2%) in this group of patients. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that dental caries and periodontal diseases still the major causes of tooth loss among Libyan adults

Awareness of and Practices Related to Forensic Dentistry Among Libyan Dentists

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Awareness of and Practices Related to Forensic Dentistry Among Libyan Dentists Ahmed, El ramli; Oswa, Mouadeb; Yasmin, Naser; Tasnem, kewidir; Hend, Elkawash; Arheiam, Arheiam Objectives: Given that Libya has recently become a hot spot of armed conflicts, this study aims to investigate Libyan dentists’ awareness of practices related to forensic dentistry, to inform public health policy and dental education curriculum. Methods: A paper-based, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among Libyan dentists working in Benghazi between January and April 2017. The sample frame comprised all government and private dental practices in the city. The questionnaire required information on respondents’ demographic and professional characteristics, sources of information, attitude, practices, and barriers related to forensic dentistry. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 200 were returned and used for analysis. More than half of the respondents were males (51%), and few of them worked in both private and public sectors (4.5% and 6%), and almost all of them were Libyans. Although most heard about it, only a small proportion (13%) received forensic dentistry education. A few numbers of the respondents (8) reported handling forensic cases. Around a third of participants indicated keeping some form of patient records. However, only (13.5%) of participants agreed that keeping patients’ records is essential, and about (9.5%) of them disagreed. In addition, more than half of the participants (65.5%) claimed that they believe that keeping such records is essential, but they are not able to. Conclusion: Despite a positive attitude towards and awareness of the importance of forensic dentistry, more educational and practice enabling efforts are needed to support the humanitarian role of dentists in conflict-affected environments such as Libya.

Parental awareness and attitude about oral health habits of their children and its relation to caries experience in 8–10-year-old children

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Parental awareness and attitude about oral health habits of their children and its relation to caries experience in 8–10-year-old children Eman, K. Mansur; Sokaina, B. Elshebani; Rasmia, Huew; Khadeejah, S. Buzaribah Aims: To assess level of parental awareness and attitude about dental health habits of their children, presence of permanent first molars (PFMs) and its association with caries experience. Methods and materials: A cross sectional observational study with dental examination was conducted. A random sample of 372 Libyan schoolchildren aged 8-10 years old in primary schools in Benghazi was collected. Information about parents’ awareness of presence of PFMs and dental health habits of their children was collected through questionnaire completed by parents. Caries was assessed using DMFT index and WHO criteria. Data were entered into SPSS software version 25. Chi- square test, Cochran’s test, sign test and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: Only 29% of parents were aware of eruption time of PFMs and 53.8% were aware that this tooth is not going to be changed. There were significance associations between fathers’ educational level and their knowledge about the dental health habits for their children and DMFT of PFMs (P˂0.05). The association between DMFT index and frequency of dental visit was significant (P<0.05). About 27.7% of sample who consumed sugary foods once a day, mean DMFT was (0.77, SD±1.190), and 37.6% who consumed sugary foods twice a day DMFT was (1.04, SD±1.294). Highest percent of decayed teeth was in the permanent lower left molars. Conclusions: Low level of awareness of parents towards dental health habits for their children and high DMFT. Early parental education to raise their awareness about importance of PFMs must continue to avoid further distraction of dental health.

Dental Caries Experience of Down's Syndrome Children in Ajdabiya - Libya

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Dental Caries Experience of Down's Syndrome Children in Ajdabiya - Libya Eman, K. M. Mansur Aims: Assessment of the caries experience of Down’s Syndrome children who are attending special needs institute in Ajdabiya City, Libya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. The total eligible sample comprised 35 DS children, 17 of them males and 18 females, aged between 6 and 15 years. Participants were examined for dental caries, using the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT/ dmft) according to the WHO criteria. Results: The caries prevalence among the study group was 97.1%. The mean DMFT /dmft scores were 5.705 ± 4.468 and 4.388 ± 3.327 in males and females respectively. There was no difference between means of males and females. In the 6-10 years age group, the mean dmft score was 5.8 ± 4.798, and in the 11-15 years age group, the mean DMFT score was 4.45 ± 3.119. There was no difference between means of both age groups. There was no significant difference between male and female in the 11-15 years age group. There was significant difference between male and female in the 6-10 years age group. Conclusion: The caries prevalence and severity was high among the studied Down’s Syndrome childre

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Libyan Pediatricians toward Early Childhood Caries

Tue, 13 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Libyan Pediatricians toward Early Childhood Caries Eman, Mansur; Salihah, A Abu Baker; Ahmed, A Boukharees Objectives: This study aimed to assess pediatricians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in the governorate of Ajdabiya, Libya. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 50 pediatricians, who work at primary healthcare centers in the governorate of Ajdabiya (in 2021). Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire that was developed using the KAP study construction guides. Pretests of the questionnaire were performed with five pediatricians, who did not participate in the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc). The alpha value was 0.05. Results: The overall scores of knowledge ranged from 2 to 12, with a mean of 6.1 (SD, 1.6). For attitudes, the overall scores ranged from 7 to 14, with a mean of 12.1 (SD, 1.5). And the overall scores of practices ranged from 1 to 24, with a mean of 10.0 (SD, 4.7). There were positive correlations between the KAP overall scores. The findings showed weak associations, except between knowledge and practices, it was medium. Conclusion: Libyan pediatricians demonstrated positive attitudes toward oral health. Nevertheless, their knowledge and practices appeared to be deficient regarding the early dental visits, the cariogenic effect of ad libitum breastfeeding, transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mothers/caregiver to the child, and the role and uses of F in preventive dentistry.

Dental Caries Experience and Oral Health Practice among 12-Years-Old Schoolchildren

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Dental Caries Experience and Oral Health Practice among 12-Years-Old Schoolchildren Eman, K. M. Mansur; Halima, A. Ayyad; Raga, Elzaha Objectives: To assess the experience of dental caries and practice of oral health preventive measures. Methods: This was a secondary data study extracted from primary data through a cross-sectional study of a random sample of two hundred and forty-six 12 years-old Libyan schoolchildren (in 2019). Children underwent clinical examinations for dental caries experience. Then, they asked to complete a self-administrated questionnaire that designed to evaluate the oral health practices. The collected data were analysed using SPSS for Windows, version 25. The alpha value was 0.05. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, for the total sample, was 80.5% and the mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT) was 2.4 (SD, 1.7). A clear gradient in the DMFT means with statistically significant was observed only across the categories of frequency of toothbrushing and frequency of sugary foods and drinks consumption in between meals. In addition, statistical significant was found for using fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion: Dental caries in children aged 12 years old was prevalent in this study. The present survey provided an overview of practice of oral health preventive measures of participants, as the differences in these practices have influenced the DMFT values and provided knowledge about the disease experience.

Primary Prevention of Dental Caries: An Overview

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Primary Prevention of Dental Caries: An Overview Eman, Khalifa Mohammed Mansur Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Plaque bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and a susceptible tooth surface are basic requirements to its occurrence. Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease, and the early identification of risk factors and implementation of oral health preventive measures at a young age can reduce or even avoid this lesion progression. It is recommended that a dental home should be established by age one or within 6 months from eruption of the first primary tooth. Child oral health visits should include caries risk assessment, individualized preventive strategies, and anticipatory guidance. A treatment plan and a periodic supervision of oral care for each child, should be determined based on his/her risk of disease and include appropriate age and preventive measures. This plane may include some specific preventive measures, such as dietary cancelling, oral hygiene instructions, topical antimicrobials, pit and fissure sealant, fluoride therapy, and using Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (Tooth mousse, GC Co., Japan).

Evaluation of the Arabic short-form version of the Family Impact Scale (FIS-8)

Thu, 22 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation of the Arabic short-form version of the Family Impact Scale (FIS-8) Eman, K. M. Mansur; William, M. Thomson Background: Oral diseases can have a negative impact on both children and their families. The Family Impact Scale (FIS) is a commonly used measure to evaluate the parent/caregiver's perception of the impact of children's oral health on the family. A short-form version (the FIS-8) has been developed and translated into Arabic. Aim: To evaluate the validity and reliability of the FIS-8. Design: Cross-sectional study of a random sample of two hundred and forty-six 12 years-old Libyan schoolchildren and their parents/caregivers (in 2019). Parents/ caregivers completed questionnaires while their children underwent clinical examinations for dental caries experience and gingival status. Internal consistency of the FIS-8 was assessed. For discriminant validity, overall score and subscale scores of FIS-8 were compared across categorised oral disease levels. Construct validity was tested by assessing the associations of overall score and subscale scores with global ratings of overall well-being. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using a random sample of 10% of participants. Results: The overall summary scale and subscales of FIS-8 succeeded in discriminating among ordinal categories of child dental caries experience, and a clear gradient was observed in mean FIS-8 scores across gingival status categories. There were moderate, positive correlations between the parents' and caregivers’ overall score and subscale scores and the ratings for overall well-being (r = 0.39). The overall scale showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.93). Conclusions: The Arabic version of the FIS-8 demonstrated acceptable properties and is likely to be suitable for wider us

Prevalence and pattern of dental caries in primary molars among Libyan school children in Benghazi

Wed, 16 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence and pattern of dental caries in primary molars among Libyan school children in Benghazi Eman, K Mansur; Khadeejah, S Buzaribah; Rasmia, Huew; Sukaina, B Elsheibani Aims: To assess prevalence and severity of dental caries in primary teeth among Libyan school children in Benghazi. Study design: Cross sectional observational study. Material and Methods: A total of 236 school children, aged 8-9 years were selected for a dental examination. The oral health was measured using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for dental caries: decayed, missing and filled tooth, dmft index for primary dentition. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 83.5% (mean dmft 3.3) with the highest caries prevalence recorded among 8 year-old children (45.3%, mean dmft 3.53). Mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) was 2.91, 0.31, 0.09 respectively. Second primary molars had higher dmft than the first (mean dmft 1.72, 1.33 respectively) and the difference was statistically significant p=0.001. The mean dmft of mandibular primary molars was higher than that of maxillary ones (mean dmft 1.67, 1.38) and the differences was statistically significant p=0.01. Conclusion: While the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth was found to be high, the treated and filled teeth are very low. The most commonly affected teeth were second primary molars, especially in the mandible. Dental caries occurred most often in the mandible. This study provided us with the baseline data for prevalence of dental caries. Providing oral health education and preventive programs would assist in improving the oral health condition of school children.

THE ORTHODONTICS EFFECTIVE ROLE IN PROSTHODONTICFIELD

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

THE ORTHODONTICS EFFECTIVE ROLE IN PROSTHODONTICFIELD Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Introduction The orthodontic intervention for dental rehabilitation treatment cases plays an active role to return the esthetics, function, comfort, phonetics and oral health of the patient. The best treatment success rate requiring careful interdisciplinary planning approach, based on a well-designed plan. However, the cooperate between the different dental branches; orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, surgery aesthetic restorative dentistry, and prosthodontcs is mandatory access to achieve the successfully desired goals. Moreover, the restorative and prosthodontic dentists rely on orthodontics treatment to create an optimal restorative environment as a means of providing more comprehensive care to a wide variety of complicated cases according to the biological and mechanical principles. The Multidisciplinary Approach

The Preparation Faults Manifesting As Finish Line Defects

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

The Preparation Faults Manifesting As Finish Line Defects Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed This study was done to evaluate different finish line defects due to fault preparation, In addition to that to determination of their locations (upper, lower, anterior, posterior). Methods: 175 working casts with different finish line defects (common errors and mistakes happens in the finish line) were collected from various dental laboratories in Benghazi. The working casts were classified to five groups according to the type of the finish line defect. group (1): Unidentifiable or light finish line, group (2): The finish line Not continuous, group (3): Double or several finish lines, group (4): Rough finish line and group( 5): Nodules on finish line. The collected data have analyzed statically. Each group subdivided into two divisions (upper, lower) then each division divided into three subgroups (Anterior, premolar, Molar) according to position of tooth in the arch. Results: The percentage for incidence of each group were as follow Group (1) = 30% mostly in lower molars and upper premolars (40.4%, 32.7%) respectively. Group (2) =24% the highest percentage in lower molar (33.3%). Group (3) =16% the highest was 39.3% of them occur in lower molars also. Group (4) = 22% with (35.9%, 23.1%) in lower molars and upper molars respectively. Group (5) = 8% mostly in lower molars (35.7%). independent-samples t-test was conducted which revealed lower molars are the most significant for all the subdivisions (M13, SD5.8) t(4)=5, p=0.07 Conclusion: The careful inspection of the finish line on the working cast is an essential critical step for obtaining a restoration with an accurate marginal integrity .

THE IMPORTANCE OF CROSS –CONTAMINATION CONTROL WITH LAB MADE RESTORTIONS

Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT

THE IMPORTANCE OF CROSS –CONTAMINATION CONTROL WITH LAB MADE RESTORTIONS Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Statement of problem:. The increased awareness of the dangers of cross-contamination with hepatitis virus (HBV), (HCV) and HIV during dental procedures is having a growing impact on attitudes toward infection control in the dental clinic and laboratories. . Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the micro-organisms trans-mission from the metal substructure to the dies after try-in stage.. Material and Methods: 10 cases have been selected and diagnosed. . Two final impressions were taken for every case . The first impression was swabbed for microbiological testing and discarded. The second impression was used for constructing the crown in aseptic conditions. The metal substructure was triad in patient’s mouth . The metal substructure was placed on the die without using any disinfecting material for . The die was swabbed and tested for the microorganisms counting . Results: The count of Streptoococcus (α Hemoltica ) was the same results which obtained from the contaminated impression. Conclusion: The infection control measurements and guidelines should be strongly encouraged. to ensure aseptic practice in dental clinics and laboratories to avoid cross contamination

Sterilization versus disinfection of the dental handpieces (pilot study)

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Sterilization versus disinfection of the dental handpieces (pilot study) Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Article history: Received 17 February 2019 Revised 13 August 2019 Accepted 15 August 2019 Available online 18 August 2019 Improperly following the cross-infection policy can transfer infection from infected patients to others. The Handpieces are the most important workhorse devices properly in all dental procedures. A retro-contamination may occur through their use of a septic environment. Una-ware dentists could reuse a contaminated dental handpiece only after wiping with disinfect-ant. Objectives: To evaluate the infection control status of the wiped handpiece. Moreover, to in-crease the awareness of dentists toward this issue. Methods: Ten contaminated Handpieces were collected from the dental clinic. They swabbed from their external and internal surfaces and cultured in two types of growth culture media. Next, they were wiped (with InstruPlusForte Sol), swabbed and cultured again. In the last step, the handpieces were sterilized and swabbed for culturing in the same manner. The results: The wiped Handpieces showed that only three (30%) had no bacterial growth from their external surfaces, While 100% revealed the bacterial growth from their internal surfaces. No growth with sterilized Handpieces was demonstrated. Conclusion: Wiping the outside of the handpiece with disinfectant does not eliminate the po-tential cross-infection risk.

Knowledge and Attitude about Management of Endodontically –Treated Teeth (ETT): A Survey Amongst Dental Practitioners in Benghazi, Libya

Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge and Attitude about Management of Endodontically –Treated Teeth (ETT): A Survey Amongst Dental Practitioners in Benghazi, Libya Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Background and aims. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a controversial area, because the loss of structural integrity, leads to a higher possibility of fracture. Dentists should follow techniques to perform successful and durable prostheses by updating their knowledge about the new materials conducted to enhance their use and get the experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about the treatment of endodontically treated teeth among dental practitioners of Benghazi in Benghazi, Libya. Methods. Data collected through a self-administrative questionnaire designed to assess the knowledge of dentists in Benghazi about the management of endodontically treated teeth from a fixed prosthodontics restoration point of view. 150 questionnaires distributed among targeted dentists, and only 103 responded, with the required answers. All statistical analyses carried out at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results analyzed and compared using the ONE-WAY ANOVA. Results. The total sample was 103 which 69.9% were female dentists. About 31% of the dentists were aged between 35-39 years. About 30% of participants have an average of experience years between 10 to 14 in their field. There were no significant differences in all tested variables. Conclusion. The dental practitioners of Benghazi displayed a good level of knowledge and attitude about the management of endodontically treated teeth. For further proficiency, efforts made the practitioners to be aware of the advances in fixed prosthodontics practice through continuing education programs.

Fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns prepared with different margin designs and cemented by different resin luting cements

Fri, 08 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Fracture load of monolithic zirconia crowns prepared with different margin designs and cemented by different resin luting cements Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Zirconia has seen widespread use in recent years because of its superior mechanical qualities. Due to the opaque tint of the zirconia core, the veneering layer was applied to improve the aesthetics of the restoration.[2,3] But this could also lead to the veneering layer's failure (cohesive or sticky).[4] By skipping the veneering porcelain layer, monolithic zirconia restorations can be used successfully in a variety of clinical settings.[5] Since the clinical guidelines are still based on those for all-ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns, the suggestion of the margin design for high strength ceramic materials, such as zirconia, is not obvious.[.6] Monolithic zirconia restorations are effective in clinical settings, particularly with patients who have a constrained interocclusal distance and who have a high occlusal load.[7,8] Thus, using monolithic high-strength ceramics can lessen the intrusive preparation of teeth[9,10]. Due to advancements in dental technology that allowed for the creation of precise restorations utilizing computer-assisted design (CAD) and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) procedures, zirconia restorations have become increasingly popular. [11] The introduction of transparent zirconia into dental practices recently has challenged the material's natural aesthetic look because it can be employed as a monolithic, highly translucent zirconia repair only in the aesthetic zone. This material, which exhibits exceptional levels of strength, is being used more frequently in dental offices, particularly for the chair-side manufacturing of zirconia restorations. However, the cause of the zirconia crown's failure has been identified. The crown margin has reportedly been the source of fracture during clinical use [12]. The margin is an important part of the restoration that is tightly suited to the specific finishing region of the prepared abutment. The quality of the restoration margin is strongly tied to the method used to prepare the tooth and the process used to fabricate the restoration. The doctor can digitally create a well-contoured restoration with a good marginal fit and the right emergence profile thanks to excellent clinical skills and methods. The peripheral portions, which have little thickness, typically cause the crown to break easily [13]. It's possible that the margin design and thickness have something to do with the failure that started in the zirconia restoration's margin. [13]. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine how the margin design affects the occlusal thickness and wall thickness of zirconia restorations in relation to load-bearing capacity [12, 14–15]. By applying an occlusal load, either longitudinally or obliquely, to anatomical crowns until fracture, some studies into the fracture resistance of all ceramic restorations were conducted. The results showed that the failures of ceramic restorations were regularly indicated in the patterns by a compressive curl, hackle, wake hackle, twist hackle, and arrest lines, which helped to distinguish the crack propagation pattern and the origin. As a result, the design of the margins in restorations significantly affects the ceramic restoration's ability to resist fracture. However, it is still undoubtedly unclear how the design and restoration configuration will affect the fracture properties of a high-translucency monolithic zirconia (HTMZ) restoration. Shape of the prepared tooth, kind of all-ceramic crown system used, thickness of the porcelain crown, flaws in the porcelain, and luting cement systems are some of the aspects that affect a ceramic crown's strength.[16-21] Zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, conventional glass ionomer cements, and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (all classified as acid-base cements) have all been recommended for use in all-ceramic crown restorations.[22-25] In comparison to non-adhesive cementation, it has been claimed that cementation utilizing adhesive luting resins enhances the mechanical qualities of definitive restorations.[26]Previous research demonstrates that when sticky resin cement was used to affix all ceramic crowns, The mean maximal masticatory forces were less than the mean fracture loads. [26,27,28]. In contrast to non-adhesive cementation.

Comparison of four different pulp capping material used for indirect pulp capping in permanent teeth in private clinic in Benghazi-Libya: An in vivo study.

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Comparison of four different pulp capping material used for indirect pulp capping in permanent teeth in private clinic in Benghazi-Libya: An in vivo study. Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed In conservative dentistry maintaining the pulp vitality is important, the vital pulp protects the tooth structure, integrity, and physiological function, the pulp vitality may lose, and exposure happens by long-standing caries left untreated, dental trauma( such as fracture crown or cracks), and mechanical injury. In addition, Deep caries lesions could be challenging to manage, and complete caries removal with the conservative approach. 1, 2 the predictability of vital pulp therapy has improved with the introduction of newer bio ceramic materials. 2 Vital pulp therapy techniques are ways to preserve the vitality of the tooth by placing a specific material that helps to reduce inflammation and aid in pulpal regeneration to maintain vitality and neural innervation of the tooth.2 Vital pulp therapy is divided into two types direct pulp capping, means placing the pulp capping material directly on the exposed pulp, unlike the indirect pulp capping procedure the hard affected dentine can be left in the cavity, 3 and the capping material is placed over it. In both techniques, the main reason for such treatment is to maintain tooth vitality and avoid as much as possible any other invasive treatments.4 Different types and varieties of Pulpal capping materials are used in dental practices, but not all material is the same when it comes to their efficiency in the preservation of vital pulp and resolution of inflammation. Researchers work to find out the most effective and ideal capping materials, investigations are still going with the known materials, such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide Ca(OH), zinc phosphate, bio glass, and glass ionomer cement.5 For many years, calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] is used as a capping material, its effectiveness comes from promoting the formation of reactive dentine and induced mineralization and also helps the cells of the dental pulp to continue regeneration, with all the benefits of Ca(OH)2 it still has impairments, such as the formation of defects in dentine and the creation of micro leakage. Newer materials like MTA can replace Ca (OH) 2, effective with fewer unwanted side effects. On the other hand, its widely used and has better properties that can help in repairing and aiding pulp healing, MTA's main components are tri-calcium silicate, di-calcium silicate, and tri-calcium aluminate, in addition to bismuth oxide for radiopacity, the most favorable properties is low solubility inhibition of bacterial growth, formation of reparative dentine, and also can reduce inflammation by stabilizing the proses of tooth repair, MTA presents some disadvantages it considered to be expansive, longer sitting time and in some cases, it may cause discoloration, MTA promotes cells like fibroblast to migration into the exposed pulp in which aid in tissue and wound regeneration, MTA recent studies have high clinical success.6 Bio-C Repair is a new silicate-based hydraulic cement material used as a pulp capping material with a better texture, making it very easy to handle. Do not cause discoloration, but it can help to heal and repair pulpal tissue by creating a barrier against microorganisms and promoting regeneration by releasing calcium ions. Bio-C Repair is considered new material further studies and investigation are needed to fully understand its effect on human pulp regeneration and healing, 7 Aim Aimed to evaluate the success rate of different pulp capping materials: MTA, BIO Ceramic, Thecal and Dycal as pulp capping materials for indirect pulp capping in carious permanent teeth.

A survey about the establishment of the Libyan Journal of Dentistry (LJD)

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

A survey about the establishment of the Libyan Journal of Dentistry (LJD) Khadiga, A. H. Mohamed Aim: This questionnaire was performed to introduce LJD and to know the feedback of the readers about the first published issue. Methods: About 75 copies of the questionnaire were distributed. Only 61 who were answered and returned. The collected answered questionnaire were tabled and analyzed. Results: About 72% of the respondents have heard about LJD, about 95% of them were believed in the importance of creating a LJD at this time, and 16% of them have accessed to our journal web site. INTRODUCTION The scientific journals publish specialized researches in a specific field after they have been judged by a number of specialists in the same field. These journals are the first platform used by researchers to publish their latest findings or to criticize and discuss results of research previously published. Therefore, we try to push the scientific research in our field through the seed of the Libyan Journal of Dentistry where we suggest that the journal will overcome the difficulties for the researchers to publish their scientific work and to play an active role in the level of sophistication and advancement of education at the academic level. Electronic publishing is a new area of information dissemination. The electronic scientific journal is specifically designed to be presented on the internet. They have come into existence promoting the rapid dissemination capability, and availability on the Internet (1, 2). The Libyan journal of dentistry (LJD) is the official journal issued by Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi. LJD is an established as online, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles in all fields of dentistry. Peer review methods are employed to maintain standards of quality, improve performance, and provide credibility. ________________________________________ a Editorial board of the Libyan Journal of Dentistry LJD receives and publishes original articles, review articles, case reports, etc. Review system is performed by at least two independent reviewer's approval followed by the acceptance of editorial board members The aim of this article is to introduce LJD and to show the feedback of the readers who benefit from it. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was prepared consisting of five questions. It was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry after the publication of the first issue of the journal during the period (2017). The questionnaire was included the faculty members, postgraduate students and dentists from outside the college. The questions revolved around whether the targeted knew about the existence of LJD and how they heard. In addition, the targeted opinion about the importance of the LJD and why. Then the questionnaire explored the opinion of the readers about the published first issue after visiting LJD web site. About 75 copies of the questionnaire were distributed. Only 61 who were answered and returned. The collected data were tabled and illustrated in representative graphs.

Dental practitioners’ knowledge and attitude regarding the use of silver diamine fluoride for the management of dental caries

Mon, 04 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Dental practitioners’ knowledge and attitude regarding the use of silver diamine fluoride for the management of dental caries Rogaia, B Alaskandrani, Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude among Libyan dental practitioners in Benghazi pertaining to the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which the data was collected via a validated and published questionnaire. The study was conducted using an online and a papered questionnaire. A random sampling of Libyan dental practitioners filled out a 3-section Likert-scale questionnaire including multiple questions determining demographic data, knowledge, attitude, SDF’s potential future use, and actual use of SDF in dental practitioner’s own practiced life. Results: A total of 204 Libyan dental practitioners working in Benghazi public hospitals completed the survey. Their ages ranged from 20 to 59, the age group 20–30 years, representing 87 (43%), followed by the age group 30–40 representing 64 (31%). Gender-wise distribution revealed male number 54 (27%) almost third of female number 149 (73%). Almost half of participants were general dentists 98 (48%). When asked about their opinion on SDF usage, the majority of the participants agreed that SDF could be used to arrest cavitated lesions (69.5%), to arrest non-cavitated lesions (70%), should be placed under all restoration (65.9%) and should be placed under all restoration at caries risk patients (76.8%). Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners in Libya regarding SDF was evaluated and as such the aim of this study was accomplished. However, based on our findings, more studies are needed to assess the SDF's acceptance, implementation, and the difficulty of its adoption due to the lack of available data on its use.

Caries Incidence, by DMFT Index of Libyan School Children Concerning Sociodemographic Variables and Oral Health Behavior

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Caries Incidence, by DMFT Index of Libyan School Children Concerning Sociodemographic Variables and Oral Health Behavior Rogaia, B Alaskandrani, Background and aims: dental caries are the most prevalent chronic disease and are caused due to complex interplay of behavioral, cultural, social, and dietary factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its relation to socioeconomic variables among Libyan children in Benghazi. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 207 of children aged 6-12 years in Benghazi, Libya. Patient’s data were recorded in a special form such as parent’s educations, employment, home density, family income, tooth brushing, mouth rinse, dental floss, and dental service. The diagnostic criteria for caries incidence were based on the oral Health Organization (WHO) Criteria. The child’s caries were measured by dmft and DMFT indices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. A Chi-square test was used, whereas a p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: caries-free teeth in the permanent dentition were 63.8%, while caries teeth were 36.2%. The DMFT in boys and girls were (1.14±0.19, and 1.28±0.19 respectively). The (dmft) in primary dentition was higher in boys and girls (5.45±0.39 and 4.77±0.38 respectively). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Corresponding author. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) (2020) Volume 52, No 2, pp 84-92 85 No significant differences were found for the DMFT index to gender, mother‘s employment, and family income (P >0.05). However, significant differences were observed regarding the mother’s education, father’s education, Father’s employment, and home density (P <0.0001). Conclusion: the socioeconomic levels an important predictor of caries presence in the children. The possibility of being caries free is increased with the increscent in the parent’s education; therefore the public health planners should consider these findings when planning interventions to promote dental health education and services.

Estimate of DMFT index using teeth most affected by dental caries in Benghazi, Libya

Thu, 06 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Estimate of DMFT index using teeth most affected by dental caries in Benghazi, Libya Rogaia, B Alaskandrani, Background: Although the oral health status is improved over the past years, the dental caries is still the most common chronic disease in childhood. Oral health affects many aspects of life such as ability to speak, mastication and well being. Aims: to determine the prevalence of caries of the first permanent molars (FPMs) and to compare the caries incidence between maxillary and mandibular arch, and to determine the most affect segment by the decay in the dental arch. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted of 375 children aged 6 to 12 years in Benghazi city of Libya. The clinical examination for dental caries was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. It has been calculated the frequency of caries free (CF) and the DMFT index in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and missing teeth (MT). Data were analyses using SPSS version 16, Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: A significant difference was found between sound and carious FPMs in all dental arch segments (P =0.001). The DMFT index of the sample was (1.80±.081) whereas; the highest rate was in left side of the mandible (0.51±.026). The DT component was the highest rate (92.6%) of the DMFT index. Conclusion: The DMFT in the mandible was higher than the maxilla. The caries prevalence of FPMs was similar in both sides of the dental arches, thus the intensive preventive and health service activities should be promote in Libya to decrease caries risk in school children.Background: Although the oral health status is improved over the past years, the dental caries is still the most common chronic disease in childhood. Oral health affects many aspects of life such as ability to speak, mastication and well being. Aims: to determine the prevalence of caries of the first permanent molars (FPMs) and to compare the caries incidence between maxillary and mandibular arch, and to determine the most affect segment by the decay in the dental arch. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted of 375 children aged 6 to 12 years in Benghazi city of Libya. The clinical examination for dental caries was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. It has been calculated the frequency of caries free (CF) and the DMFT index in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and missing teeth (MT). Data were analyses using SPSS version 16, Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: A significant difference was found between sound and carious FPMs in all dental arch segments (P =0.001). The DMFT index of the sample was (1.80±.081) whereas; the highest rate was in left side of the mandible (0.51±.026). The DT component was the highest rate (92.6%) of the DMFT index. Conclusion: The DMFT in the mandible was higher than the maxilla. The caries prevalence of FPMs was similar in both sides of the dental arches, thus the intensive preventive and health service activities should be promote in Libya to decrease caries risk in school children.

Children's oral health and parents’ education status in Benghazi, Libya: a cross-sectional study

Thu, 08 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Children's oral health and parents’ education status in Benghazi, Libya: a cross-sectional study Rogaia, B Alaskandrani, Aim: The study aims to evaluate the impact of parents’ education on the promotion of child dental care. Methods: Data were collected via a questionnaire survey among parents who brought their children to the Pediatric Dental Department of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. The data were logged and analyzed using IBM-SPSS for Windows version 29.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Frequencies and percentages were measured to assess the influence of parental education on the dental knowledge of their children’s oral care. Results: More than two-thirds (69.2%) of parents sought dental care for their children when they expressed pain. More than half of parents (59%) reported the importance of deciduous teeth and its impact on successor teeth. Only 16% started brushing when the first primary tooth erupted, and 40% of their children brushed at least twice a day. In addition, only 39% of parents knew the correct time of the first permanent molar eruption. The frequency of parents who reported the correct total number of primary teeth, preferred treatment of primary teeth rather than extraction and asked their children to brush once daily increased with increasing the parents' education levels. Conclusion: The present study displayed that a high parents’ educational level does not directly subscribe to good oral health care for their children. The parents need further attention by presenting more programs dealing with dental health which will be useful in improving their children’s oral health.

Master's thesis - Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Libyan Patients in Public and Private Clinics in Eastern Province

Sat, 18 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Master's thesis - Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Libyan Patients in Public and Private Clinics in Eastern Province Zaynab, Naeim Abdulrrazik Alnajar Background: Oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) are diagnosed worldwide in any popula-tion, age or gender, but in varied prevalence. OMLs can be found in each site of the oral mucosa; for some of them, it is characteristic to have a bilateral/symmetrical or unilat-eral/nonsymmetrical mucosal manifestation. The knowledge about its prevalence in var-ied populations can be useful from a clinical point of view. Oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) are the third-most common oral pathology after caries and periodontal diseases. (Radwan-Oczko et al. 2022). The prevalence of OMLs and normal variants is between 10% and 81% among the vari-ous populations. Epidemiological studies of OLs are still lacking when compared to the studies of dental caries or periodontal diseases. (Campis et al. 2001, Espinoza et al. 2003, Feng et al. 2015,Gupta et al. 2023). Aims of the study: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of oral muco-sal lesions among routine Libyan dental patients attending dental clinics in Benghazi city and to find out any association with demographic factors, oral habits and denture wearing with such lesions. Subjects and Methods: This is an observational cross sectional study was designed to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among sample of routine Libyan den-tal patients who attended the public and private dental clinics. in a period of six months from January to June 2023. A total of 1000 Libyan dental patients were examined for the presence of oral mucosal lesions in a designed form of constructed assessed ques-tionnaire. Demographic information were also collected which include name, age, gen-der, occupation and oral habits such as smoking and alcohol use. The subjects were di-vided according to age into three age groups (<30 years, 30-60 years, > 60 years). Data was uploaded on excel sheet before being entered into SPSS 25 software. Comparison of proportions of participants who experienced mucosal lesion according to their gen- XVII der, age, smoking and alcohol consumption and medical and drug history was carried out using chi-square test. All analyses were conducted at p value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 1000 Libyan dental patients were included in the study. Comparable proportion of males and females with more than half of the participants (53%) were fe-males. Only 5% of these females indicated that they were pregnant. Most of the partici-pants were in the middle age or young age groups. Those aged above 60 years were around 12%. On the other hand, participants in the middle age group (30-60 years) were slightly more than younger age group (46% and 42%, respectively). 25% of the participants had no mucosal lesions. Around 38% of participants had lesions described as normal variations and 37% of them had oral mucosal lesions. White lesion was the most common type (27%) followed by miscellaneous lesions (24%) whereas the pigmented lesions were the least common type (9%).The most common sites for the oral mucosal lesions were as follow, Tongue (31%), buccal mucosa (29%), labial muco-sa (14%) and gingiva (12%) were the most common sites for mucosal lesions. On the other hand, alveolar mucosa and sublingual area were the least affected sites (0.2% and 0.4%, respectively). Conclusion: This study has concluded that Libyan population has a wide range of oral mucosal lesions and normal variants, it is clear that all lesions are benign but few of them have malignant transformation potentiality such as OLP and Oral Leukoplakia. This emphasize the importance of employing conservative measures such as oral habits cessation, periodic re-evaluation and long term follow-up.

Master's thesis - Evaluation the effect of thickness on tear strength of some types of alginate impression and compare their dimensional accuracy with addition silicone after repeated pouring.

Mon, 06 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Master's thesis - Evaluation the effect of thickness on tear strength of some types of alginate impression and compare their dimensional accuracy with addition silicone after repeated pouring. Najla, H. Abd alraheem Alginate impression material is widely used in dentistry due to its low cost and ease of use. However, the disadvantage of hydrocolloid impression materials is their dimensional change and low tear strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of the dental cast obtained from the alginate, addition silicone impression of the acrylic model after repeated pouring, and the dimensional stability of the alginate impression after different storage times(1/8 day, 3days, 5days and 9days). The tear strength of alginate impression materials of different thicknesses was also evaluated (2mm, 3mm and 4mm).Regarding the dimensional stability, the analysis showed that repeated pouring of impression materials had no statistically significant effect on dimensional stability where p > 0.05, with the exception of the conventional type. Also, the analysis showed there was no significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 5 days of alginmex impression, Also there was no significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 9 days of cavex impression materials, where the p-value > 0.05. While there was a significant difference in dimensional accuracy of the casts poured after 9 days of alginmex impression. In tear strength analysis, there was no significant difference in tear strength between three different thicknesses of alginate impression materials, Where the p-value was (0.611,0.969, 0.516) for alginmax, cavex, and conventional materials respectively. Conclusion: clinically acceptable casts can be obtained by the double pour of new-generation alginate materials. The dimensional stability of alginate impressions was directly influenced by the type of alginate and the time of poured the impressions after the different storage times. Alginmax could be poured after 5 days and Cavex impression could be poured after 9 days of storage with no significant dimensional changes. There is no difference in tear strength between the three different thicknesses of each type of alginate impression material.

Master's thesis - Antenatal Mothers Knowledge and Attitude Toward Prevention of Early Childhood Caries in the child in Benghazi

Sun, 28 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Master's thesis - Antenatal Mothers Knowledge and Attitude Toward Prevention of Early Childhood Caries in the child in Benghazi Asia, Mohamed Farkash Background: Mothers during the antenatal period can influence children's oral health through good hygiene and preventative care, preventing early childhood caries. Preschool oral health programs prioritize preschool children's care for future oral health. The aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of Benghazi's antenatal (pregnant) women on preventing early childhood caries. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted on expectant mothers using a structured questionnaire in Benghazi. The questionnaire, designed in Canada and validated in Benghazi, consists of four sections: socio-demographic characteristics for pregnant mothers, oral hygiene knowledge, attitude towards dietary oral health, and preventive dental attendance for children . Results: Out of 375 participants, 303 first-time pregnant women and those with prior children, aged between ≤ 20 and 50, provided their responses for the study. Most participants had university-level education (66%) and agreed that children need assistance with brushing (P  0.001), and that toothpaste-containing fluoride helps prevent tooth decay (P  0.001). Working mothers were more aware of the importance of fluoride in toothpaste (56.8%). Housewife mothers were more likely to brush their children's teeth once a day (55.7%) (and change their toothbrush irregularly (44.7%). Working mothers were more likely to agree on the importance of regular dental examinations every six months to prevent tooth decay (81.5%). Conclusion: Mothers during antenatal period frequently don't know what causes dental caries, when to take their child to the dentist for the first time, or how nursing affects tooth decay.

Master's thesis - Parent’s knowledge and Attitudes Toward Oral Health in Their Children with Down Syndrome in Benghazi

Sun, 09 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Master's thesis - Parent’s knowledge and Attitudes Toward Oral Health in Their Children with Down Syndrome in Benghazi Fatma, G Mohamed Ashlak Background : Down syndrome (DS) is an autosomal chromosomal abnormality that results from chromosome 21 and affects 1 in 700 live births. In addition to causing abnormalities in many tissues and organs, The risk of giving birth to a child with DS is highest among women who are 35 years of age or older, and many studies on the incidence of DS found that the rate of dental caries is less, in contrast to periodontal disease . Main aim: To assessment of parental knowledge and attitudes toward oral health in their children with Down syndrome in Benghazi Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at rehabilitation centers dealing with DS on the parents of their children from government and non Government Association in Benghazi was included in the study. A self-generated questionnaire was used to collect information in two sections through 27 questions related to the patient's socio-demographic and medical information and oral health care to assess the knowledge and attitude of the parents about the oral health in their children with Down syndrome. Chi-square test of proportions was used to compare the differences between variables of demographics with the knowledge and attitude of the parents. Values were considered statistically significant at alpha ≤ 0.05. Results: There were 102 parents total; 67 (65.7%) had males, 35 (34.3%) had females, 36 (35.3%) had parents between the ages of 40 and 49, and 28.4% of parents are 60 years of age or more. There was a statistically significant relationship between the age, fathers and mothers education and taken their children to a dentist (p≤0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of helping the children brush their teeth and age of parents (p≤0.05). There was non a statistically significant difference between gender, and mother's occupation and helping children brushing their teeth p > 0.05. Conclusion: Most parents rated the general health of their child as moderate and very good. There is a significant statistical relationship between age, father's and mother's education, xii sectors, and taking their children to a dentist. There is no significant statistical relationship between age, gender, income, father's education, mother's occupation, sectors, and daily tooth brushing. Parents of individuals with Down syndrome need high-level information and guidance to take proper care of affected individuals and need education programs to promote positive attitudes by increasing the knowledge about oral health care.

Master's thesis - THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPRATURE ON SURFACE HARDNESS OF COMPOSITE AS A FUNTCTION OF SYRIANGE STORAGE.

Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Master's thesis - THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPRATURE ON SURFACE HARDNESS OF COMPOSITE AS A FUNTCTION OF SYRIANGE STORAGE. Yousif, Ali Yousif ALdbaibiagh Aim: To assess the effect of different temperature on surface hardness of composite as a function of syringe storage. Material and methods: A total Number of 70 disc-shaped bulkfill composite resin specimens were used in this study, The specimens were divided into three main groups according to the storage temperature before their use, group 1. (control group) the storage condition was at room temperature 25-28 ℃, group 2 storage condition was at refrigerator 4 ℃ and group 3 storage condition was at freeze -6 ℃. The specimens of the second and third group were subdivided into two sub- groups in which each of the subgroup was cured at two different extraction time which were one immediately curred after extraction from cooling machine and other was after one hour (60 minutes). Vickers hardness values of the top and the bottom surfaces of each specimen were evaluated using Vickers and Knoop hardness testing instrument. The Microhardness were determined through measuring the diameters of indentation which was produced by the pyramidal squarebase diamond indenter. One-way analysis of variance was performed followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test if showed significance. Paired Student t-test was done between paired groups. Three-way ANOVA compared the effect of each factor which was storage temperature group, surface and evaluation time). The results were analyzed using Graph Pad Instat (Graph Pad, Inc.) software for windows. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The oral health care system in Libya: a case study

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

The oral health care system in Libya: a case study Aisha, Aloshiby Background This study aims to describe the Libyan oral health care system in terms of its structure, function, workforce, funding, reimbursement and target groups. Methods A single descriptive case study approach and multiple sources of data collection were used to provide an in-depth understanding of the Libyan oral health care system. A purposeful sample of the key informants (Managers of oral health centers, dentists of various specialties with experience in the field, dentists, nurses, dental technicians, and officials in the affairs of medical insurance) was recruited. The case and its boundaries were guided by the study’s aim. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data. Framework analysis, informed by the study objectives, was used to analyze interviews and documents. Results The analysis showed that oral health services are integrated into medical services. The provision of dental care is mainly treatment-based, in the private sector. The oral health services in the public sector are mainly emergency care and exodontia. The dental workforce included in the study were mostly dentists (89% General Dental Practitioners (GDPs), 11% specialists), with a marked deficiency in dental technicians and nurses. Around 40% of dentists work in both the private and public sectors. The government provides the funding for the public sector, but the private sector is self-funded. No specific target group(s) nor clear policies were reported. However, the system is built around primary health care as an overarching policy. Dental caries is the most common oral problem among Libyan preschool children affecting around 70% and is the most common cause of tooth loss among adults. Conclusion The oral health care system in Libya is mainly privatized. The public health services are poorly organized and malfunctioning. There is an urgent need to develop policies and plans to improve the oral health care system in Libya.

Dental Fluorosis and Its Associated Factors Amongst Libyan Schoolchildren

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Dental Fluorosis and Its Associated Factors Amongst Libyan Schoolchildren Aisha, Aloshiby Background: Little is known about dental fluorosis (DF) in Benghazi, Libya, where the public water supply is naturally fluoridated. Objective: The study aims to investigate the distribution of DF and its related risk factors and impact on oral health−related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the association between DF and caries amongst Libyan school children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst 12-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Benghazi. Dean’s and decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMF) indices were used to assess the severity of DF and dental caries. In addition, a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and behavioural information and OHRQoL using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile−Short Version 19 (COHIPSF19). Results: Out of 1125 children who participated in the study, 15%, 7.8%, 2.2%, and 0.4% of participants were coded as having questionable, mild, moderate, and severe DF, respectively. Children enrolled in private schools were less likely to have DF (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.35−0.83; P = .007). Moderate-severe DF was associated with more decayed surfaces and DMF scores and low scores for COHIP-SF19 and its socioemotional well-being subscale. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that rates of DF are relatively low in naturally fluoridated areas in Libya. DF amongst Libyan schoolchildren was associated with social disparities, higher caries rates, and negative impacts on OHRQoL.

Prevalence of External Root Resorption in Second Molar Associated with Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Radiographic Study

Thu, 01 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence of External Root Resorption in Second Molar Associated with Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Radiographic Study Aziza, Elsanousi Saad Eltira Background: Mandibular third molars are the most frequently encountered impacted teeth in dental surgery cases. Impactions could be caused by differences in crown size, later development of roots, reduced skeletal growth and lack of space. If untreated, an impacted tooth can lead to a number of problems, including external root resorption, which is frequently observed in mandibular second molars. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence of root resorption of mandibular second molar caused by impacted mandibular third molar. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study using panoramic radiographs obtained from December 2019 to February 2022 from of patients who visited the Dental Clinic of the University of Benghazi. All radiographs were assessed about presence, location and severity of external root resorption of second molar. Positions of the impacted third molars were classified using two classification systems Pell, Gregory's and Winter classification. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Chi Square test; P value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Panoramic radiographs of 434 patients were examined that consisted of 244 (56.2%) female and 190 (43.7%) male. The prevalence of external root resorption of second molar was 213(49%). The severity of resorption was categorized as slight (70.4%), moderate (17.8%), and severe (11.7%), most of them was located at cervical third. External root resorption was proportionally higher in the impacted teeth with class B (50.2%) and mesio-angular positions (62.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of external root resorption of mandibular second molars caused by Impacted third molars was high in this study especially in males. Mandibular third molars with a greater potential to cause the adjacent second molar's external root resorption were those in class B position according to Pell and Gregory classification and in mesioangular position regarding Winter classification.

Perception of Tooth Carving Sessions among Undergraduate Dental Students within the Faculty of Dentistry/University of Benghazi

Mon, 08 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Perception of Tooth Carving Sessions among Undergraduate Dental Students within the Faculty of Dentistry/University of Benghazi Aziza E. S. Eltira1, Khadeejah Buzaribah1, Aisha Areibi Background: In most dental schools, dental anatomy is taught in both theoretical and practical sessions during the first years of the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS). This comprehensive course equips students with essential knowledge about dental morphology and occlusion. Furthermore, it serves as the fundamental basis for various clinical disciplines within dentistry, particularly those related to tooth restoration. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate dental students’ response to tooth carving sessions using wax blocks within the BDS curriculum at the Faculty of Dentistry in Benghazi and to assess the benefit of these sessions in improving their knowledge, and understanding of tooth morphology. Methods: A three-month cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2022 among 474 undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry in Benghazi. We employed a convenience sampling approach to collect the data. The questionnaire was prepared using a semi-structured proforma, which included questions about participants’ perceptions of tooth carving. Participants received a Google Form link through the telegram channel of the students. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency were calculated using the SPSS 21. Results: A total of 474 dental students participated in this study. Among them 94% practiced tooth carving using wax blocks during their practical sessions of dental anatomy. More than 70% of participants agreed that tooth carving enhanced their understanding of precise tooth morphology, dental anatomy, and proper occlusion relationships. Interestingly, 63% of the participants believed that live demonstration assisted with step-by-step video tutorials would be more effective in practicing tooth carving. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is evident that most students at the Dental Faculty of Benghazi recognize the significant importance of tooth carving in their educational journey as future dental practitioners. This valuable data can inform the development of dental education programs, ensuring continued emphasis on teaching tooth carving during the undergraduate stage. However, as we move forward, exploring innovative approaches becomes essential. Incorporating newer techniques such as computer-aided platforms and video tutorials could enhance student engagement and provide a deeper understanding of tooth morphology and anatomy.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING THEBIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING THEBIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY Aziza, Elsanousi Saad Eltira Background:Diabetes and periodontal disease are common chronic diseases in a bidirectional relationship. Therefore, elevating the level of awareness among diabetic patients about their complications to overcome any unfavorable effects of diabetes on their quality of life. Additionally, increasing the awareness of medical and dental professionals will improve their attitude and behavior towards the management of diabetic patients. Objective:This cross-sectional survey aimed to assessthe diabetic patient’s knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease and the role of physicians indiabetic patients referred for oral care. Methods:Researchers have created a questionnaire of their own and the examiner conducted a face-to-face interview in local language with the patient, it included 25 questions grouped under 5 categories. Results: A total of 289 participants, most of them type II diabetes 92.4 %, age range (18 to 60 years) were included in this study.Only 61.6%had knowledge about the relation between diabetes &periodontitis. More than 90% of the patient didn’t receive any information or educated in oral health by specialists. Conclusion:Diabetic patients lack knowledge regarding the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. The lack of inter-professional patient care between doctors and dentists when treating patients with diabetes

Evaluation of the dietary outcomes among middle-aged Libyan edentulous male subjects treated with complete dentures; Part 1: The perceived ability to chew.

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation of the dietary outcomes among middle-aged Libyan edentulous male subjects treated with complete dentures; Part 1: The perceived ability to chew. Gamal G. Burawi*, Rabie M. El huni, Amel M. Lefsaay, Warida A. Elnaihoum, Isaeida A. Mohammed, Faraj A. Ali Statement of problem: The implant-retained or supported overdentures have been indicated as the primary treatment of edentulousness. However, for obvious reasons fewer patients will afford this type of treatment. Therefore, it is desirable to investigate and re-establish the effec-tiveness of the provision of complete dentures on patients’ essential oral functions. Aim of the study: To assess the perceived chewing ability of edentulous Libyan patients reha-bilitated with traditional complete dentures. Materials and methods: Thirty-five edentulous adult male patients were carefully selected for this clinical trial. The researchers interviewed all subjects and assisted them in filling accu-rately the visual analogue scale questionnaire (VAS). The VAS questionnaire contained effi-ciency-rating questions assessing the effectiveness of wearing complete dentures on the abil-ity to chew seven locally favourite meals. The answer for each question was ranked from zero to 100. Then, a standard treatment procedure was performed to provide each subject with a conventional complete denture. At the recall visit scheduled after six months of post-insertion of all prostheses, the same researchers helped subjects to indicate again their satisfaction level with their complete dentures using the same practice VAS questionnaire. The VAS scores rec-orded pre-treatment were compared to those scores recorded post-treatment using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: All subjects verbally expressed their contentment and enjoyment when eating meals using their dentures. The perceived ability to chew was significantly improved for almost all food tested except for those, which require slicing before chewing. The conventional complete dentures still provide edentulous patients with an improved chewing ability when consuming traditional Libyan meals. Conclusion: An optimistic improvement of chewing ability with complete dentures is achieved as shown by the validated practice VAS questionnaire. Consequently, the treatment with traditional complete dentures can be generalized and used for wider edentulous patients seeking treatment in the Libyan general dental practice.

Evaluation of Water Sorption of Various Heat-Curing Acrylic Resins and the Effect of Aqueous Environment on its Fracture Toughness

Sat, 04 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation of Water Sorption of Various Heat-Curing Acrylic Resins and the Effect of Aqueous Environment on its Fracture Toughness Hanan Moussa, Mardeia Hamad, Amel Lefsaay Background: Water sorption is one of the concern regarding acrylic resin denture base materials since it might affect the dimensional stability of the prosthesis, furthermore the absorbed water may dramatically compromise the physical and mechanical properties. Methods: Three different commercial denture base materials (heat-curing acrylic resin) available in local markets were used (Vertex, Ivoclarw and Luxacryl) to evaluate water sorption and the effect of dry and wet environment on the fracture toughness of these materi-als. Water sorption test was carried out according to international organization for standardization (ISO) Specification 1567-2000. The fracture toughness was determined using single edge notch bending test (SEN-B) according to ISO 13586:2000. Results: Water sorption in term of percentage was highest for Ivoclar (0.78% of its weight) and lowest for Luxacryl (0.68% of its weight). Statistical analysis with two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test showed a significant difference between different acrylic material groups, and be-tween different water immersion times (p<0.0001). For fracture toughness, it has been found that the Ivoclar samples displayed the highest fracture toughness after 28 days of immersion in distilled water at room tem-perature. Statistical analysis with two-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference for fracture toughness between different acrylic material groups (P<0.04). Conclusion: in general, fracture toughness of denture base materials was highly-changed after immersion in water.

EVALUATION OF ANCHORAGE TECHNIQUE ON THE ADAPTION OF PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORK (COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY)

Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT

EVALUATION OF ANCHORAGE TECHNIQUE ON THE ADAPTION OF PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORK (COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDY) Amel M Lefsaaya, Mohamed H Elgtlawib, Gamal E Burawic The cast partial removable partial denture must be well fitted on the master dental cast and also on the oral tissues to be more successful and fulfill its functions. The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of anchorage on the accuracy of fit in removable partial denture framework. The study consisted of fourteen maxillary partially edentulous refractory casts Class III Kennedy classification modification 1 which were divided equally into two groups group I test group (Anchorage technique) and group II control group (Conventional technique). Seven cobalt chrome removable partial denture frameworks were constructed for each group, one using conventional technique with performed wax pattern on a refractory casts and other seven cobalt chrome removable partial denture frameworks were constructed using anchorage technique including four holes for anchorage on the refractory casts. Both patterns were invested and casted under the same circumstances using conventional standardized technique. The resulting metallic removable partial denture frameworks were evaluated to check the fitness of palatal strap the major connector on the master metal cast using digital micrometer. The statistical results of this study showed significant reduction in the thickness (gap) between the palatal strap major connector and its related site among group I (Anchorage) when compared with group II (Conventional) which indicating more accurate fit for group I. Furthermore, all the frameworks which were constructed by anchorage technique revealed more gap reduction centrally and anteriorly than peripherally and posteriorly.

The effects of adding zirconium oxide Micro-particles to high impact polymethyl methacrylate on some mechanical properties

Sat, 04 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT

The effects of adding zirconium oxide Micro-particles to high impact polymethyl methacrylate on some mechanical properties Mohamed H E Elgtlawi1, BDS, MSc, PhD. Amel M M Saleh2 BDS, MSc,, Omar O Elaogali2 BDS, MSc Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the transverse strength and impact strength of high impact heat-cured Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with zirconium oxide particles (ZrO2). Materials and Methods: A total of sixty specimens were fabricated for each test. The denture base materials evaluated in this study were divided equally into three groups (A), (B) and (C) for each test. group (A) control group, unmodified high impact heat cured (PMMA). Group (B) & (C) high impact heat cured (PMMA) reinforced with 5% & 10% (ZrO2) powder respectively by volume. The transverse strength was measured using the three point bending test. The impact strength was measured using the Chrapy impact tester. The micro-structural study of the fracture surfaces of test specimens was performed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Results: Statistical analysis were conducted on the data obtained from the experiments using one way analysis of variance(ANOVA).Both the transverse strength and impact strength of high impact heat cured PMMA reinforced with treated ZrO2 particles were superior to the unreinforced high impact heat cured PMMA. However, the improvement in transverse strength was not directly proportional with the amount of filler particles. Scanning electron micrographs showed the degree of bonding between the filler particles and PMMA matrix.

Gender distribution of Libyan patients with removable dental prosthesis

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Gender distribution of Libyan patients with removable dental prosthesis Fatma Mohamed Ali, Amel Mohamed Lefsaay, Samiyah Abraheem Mohammed, Hawa Adim Salim, Adham Faraj Ragas Reema Mohammed Abdulsalm Background: Regardless of gender or age, simple dentures are still the first option for tooth replacement in cases of edentulousness due to the expanding sex difference in oral health and disease. Aims: Our purpose of this research Gender analysis of patients from Benghazi who had removable dentures, their age range, significance of tooth loss in these individuals, while also considering the demands of various patient sorts for these dentures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective-longitudinal study of Patient’s data records from two of Benghazi’s major institutions of 1708 edentulous (Partial or complete), Libyan cases who require removable complete dentures were assessed between March 15, 2014, and September 15, 2022. Results: According to the chi-square test, Dentures had been worn by 1107 Libyan men and 601 Libyan women, most common age were fifties in both genders, but age of edentulous cases begun from 26 years, there was a Strong distinctions of reasons tooth lost, gender and kinds of dentures. Conclusion: This study shows that Edentulism generally affects Males more than Females in city of Benghazi and it usually manifests in young, there is a major problem within Libyan community to encouragement of oral health, in addition there were a clear difference between gender, age, tooth lost, types of dental prosthesis and places.

Infection Control Attitude, Knowledge and Awareness Level Among Dental Students and Interns in the Removable Prosthodontic Department at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya

Mon, 08 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Infection Control Attitude, Knowledge and Awareness Level Among Dental Students and Interns in the Removable Prosthodontic Department at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya Mohamed H E Elgtlawi, Amel M Lefsaay, Omar O Elaogali, Fatma M Bushaala, Mardia Hamad Background: Dental students have increased patient contact during their education and clinical practice, putting them, their patient population and Dental Health Care Workers (DHCW) at high risk of cross-infection. Awareness of infection control principles may help in preventing disease transmission; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental students and interns in a removable prosthodontic department at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: In May 2023, we distributed questionnaires containing 33 items to interns, 3rd-year, and 4thyear dental students at the faculty. The questions covered topics such as hepatitis B vaccination, use of personal protective barriers, knowledge of infection control protocols, and practice in the removable prosthodontic department of the faculty. Descriptive statistics were recorded using frequency and percentages. Differences in proportions were assessed using the Chi-square and Fisher exact test. All statistical analyses were performed at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of four hundred and ten (410) participants responded to the questionnaire. Around 21.5% of the students had completed their hepatitis B vaccination, while 41.2% had never been vaccinated. Regarding the selfreported use of protective barriers, intern students showed a significantly higher score than did other study groups (P <0.001). Moreover, the vast majority of 3rd year students reported never wearing eyewear, a face shield, or the head cap (73.2%), (81.1%), or (70.1%), respectively. About two-thirds of intern students (69.4%) showed positive attitudes toward the treatment of patients with infectious diseases. Conclusion: This study showed moderate compliance to infection control procedures among the participants, they have limited orientation and knowledge of the infection control guidelines and policies. Despite a positive attitude toward infection control measures, proper infection control practices were not consistently followed. Consequently, it is essential to take action to ensure that students understand the critical importance of practicing cross-infection control. Higher education institutions should implement effective solutions to address this issue.

The Orthodontic/Periodontal Interface Part 3

Thu, 01 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT

The Orthodontic/Periodontal Interface Part 3 Sarah, Alkeelani; Sarah, El-Kilani Adult patients are increasingly seeking orthodontic treatment. It is essential to establish optimal periodontal health in these patients before embarking on such treatment, which demands the interaction between the general dental practitioner (GDP) and orthodontist for effective management. This article focuses on the management of periodontal disease in orthodontic patients, orthodontic considerations, retention and complications that may arise. This is demonstrated throughout a series of clinical cases treated within a multidisciplinary team. The management of patients

Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentists toward Space Maintainers: A Study among General Dentists in Benghazi

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentists toward Space Maintainers: A Study among General Dentists in Benghazi Sarah, Alkeelani Space maintainers are critical orthodontic devices that prevent malocclusion and ensure the proper alignment of permanent teeth following the premature loss of primary teeth. Despite their importance, the effective utilization of space maintainers depends heavily on the knowledge and attitudes of dental practitioners. This study investigates the perspectives of general dentists in Benghazi, examining their awareness, understanding, and practical implementation of space maintainers. Through a detailed analysis of survey data, the study highlights both strengths in knowledge and notable gaps in practice. Furthermore, it juxtaposes these findings with global studies to provide a comparative perspective, emphasizing the need for enhanced training and advocacy. The outcomes of this research aim to inform strategies that improve the adoption and effective use of space maintainers in dental practice, thereby addressing long-term orthodontic challenges.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALSTUDY FOR BCL-2 IN ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST

Sat, 01 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALSTUDY FOR BCL-2 IN ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST Hwayda, Moftah Mohamed Alshiky Introduction: The odontogenickeratocyst (OKC) is a relatively uncommon lesion which has much interest because of its unusual growth pattern and tendency to recur. The majority of odontogenickeratocysts arise sporadically and present as solitary lesions unless they are associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome,although occurs in any part of jaws the majority of themfound in the mandible; most commonly in the posterior body and ascending ramus. OdontogenicKeratocycts present an aggressive clinical course with a marked trendtoward recurrence as compared with dentigerous cysts, differences in the clinical behavior of cysts may be associated with apoptosis in the lining epithelium. Aim of Study: 1-To analyze the clincohistopathological features of the OdontogenicKeratocyst cases. 2- To study the immunoexpression ofBcl-2 inOdontogenicKeratocyst. Materials and Methods: A descriptive case- series study. Sample size were twenty casesdiagnosed OKC ranged from 18 -65 years M: F ratio 1.9: 1,the personal data such as age, sexsite, residence, nationality of the patients were noted from the patients recordes,the samples were taken from wax blocks ,cut and stained,four microns thick sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) then stained by immune marker Bcl2 in the oral pathology department at university of Alexandria- Egypt to study immune reactions, finally the data were collected and analyzedusing statistical package social science (SPSS) version 17. Results: The histopathological appearance of OKCS , characterized by thin stratified squamous epithelium in the majority of cases. Most of OKCs showed a palisaded basal cell layer. The surface layer of cyst lining wereparakeratinized and only few were orthokeratinized,cyst wall contained the following: Inflammatory cell were (75%) of cases,Satellite cysts were(40%) of cases, epithelial residues in (40%) of cases,Kerattinesquames in (60%) of cases. Regarding immune histochemical finding, theBcl-2 expression positive cells was 75% of the lesions were classified into three grades weak , moderate and intense reactions in 20 %, 33.3 % & 46.6 % respectively. Conclusion: Inconclusion OKCs were solitary, the majority of OKC seems to be biologically aggressive and should be classified as a tumour rather than a cyst. Because the majority of OKCs were with high proliferative activity and characterized by higher expression of Bcl-2 in basal cell epithelium, probably that lesions are developmental cysts with some neoplastic properties. We recommend to complete the medical files in the archive of oral pathology department to include all data such as onset of symptom, duration of lesions , if there is any associateddiseases and the report of radiography.

RELATIONSHIP OF PERIODONTITIS IN PREGNANCY TO PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN A LIBYAN WOMEN SAMPLE

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

RELATIONSHIP OF PERIODONTITIS IN PREGNANCY TO PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN A LIBYAN WOMEN SAMPLE NUZHA, ABDALHAMID ELDEGHELI Introduction: Many studies have been published indicating a positive or negative relationship between periodontal disease and preterm/low birth weight. The inconsistent findings across studies have given the emerging evidence suggesting that associations may be influenced by population characteristics. Objective: To assess the relation between periodontal disease and the risk of preterm delivery/low birth weight among Libyan women in Benghazi. Methods: A total of 300 Libyan pregnant women attended to reception of labour ward at gynaecology and obstetrics department of Al- Jomhuriya Hospital in Benghazi for delivery from May to August 2010 included in this study. After recording and excluded traditional risk factors for premature/low birth weight like; age, weight, smoking, prenatal care, medical history, gestational and obstetric history, they were examined for periodontal status using Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Periodontal Disease Index and the data obtained analysed with day of delivery and birth‘s weight. Results: The periodontal disease index score showed that 47% of the sample had moderate gingivitis, 29% of the sample had mild gingivitis, 10% had severe gingivitis while 11% had mild periodontitis. According to gingival index score, moderate gingivitis had high percentage (60%) which is related to high percentage of plaque deposition (51%) in plaque index score. And PDI showed insignificant relationship with PLBW at P-value = 0.849. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is no association between periodontitis and premature/low birth weight among Libyan ladies in Benghazi. Recommendation: This is only a preliminary study and further research from multicentre from different Libyan cities of large scale samples are needed before this can assume to be a casual relationship among Libyan ladies.

Clinical and Histopathological Correlation Between Dysplastic Changes in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions and Presence of Candida albicans

Thu, 01 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Clinical and Histopathological Correlation Between Dysplastic Changes in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions and Presence of Candida albicans Mahgub, Abdulkareem Mahmoud Background: The concept of a two-step process of cancer development in the oral mucosa, starting with an initial presence of a precursor (premalignant, precancerous) lesion which is subsequently develops into frank cancer, is a well-established con-cept,red lesions such as erythroplakia, leukoerythroplakia, verrucous lesions and ulcer-ative lesions may represent higher risk, whereas homogenous leukoplakia carries a lower risk dysplasia or malignancy at diagnosis. Candida albicans is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host transition from one of commensals to pathogen, the role of Candida albicans as a possible etiological factor in leukoplakia and its possible role in malignant transformation is still unclear. Aims of this study is to look at the epidemiological features of PMOLs and their clini-cal presentation and to determine the prevalence of fungal hyphae in 30 tissue sections. Materials and methods: Data of the clinically suspected and histopath-ologically confirmed 90 (4.7%) cases from total of 1894 biopsied lesions in the period from 1998 to 2010 were obtained from the department archives. Furthermore, thirty biopsies from those were stained with (H & E) first then with PAS stain to look for candidal hyphae. Results: From these 90 cases, 62 (68.8%) of them were OLP, 20 (22.2%) OLEP, 3 (3.3%) of VL and 2 (2.2%) cases of OSMF. Whereas OEP, actinic cheilitis. Candidial leukoplakia were detected in only one case. Dysplastic changes with varying degrees were noticed in almost all the biopsies except one. Mostly mild 20 cases, moderate 6 cases and severe in 3 biopsies. Candida hyphae were detected in only 2 cases the yeast (blastospore) represented 6.6% of these case in candidal leukoplakia and verrucous leukoplakia cases. Conclusion: Fungal hyphae in the potentially malignant lesions and conditions is not useful indicator in predicting malignant transformation. The presence of epithelial dys-plasia is more important in predicting malignant transformations than the clinical char-acteristics of the lesion.

Oral Candida Carriage and Fungi Species Prevalence

Wed, 01 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Candida Carriage and Fungi Species Prevalence Logien, Saleh Mustafa This study aims to identify the prevalence of oral fungal species in routine dental patients via the laboratory culturing of the isolates and identification by the Erba expert identification program plus the evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolated fungi by agar diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs. Subjects and Methods: A total 310 dental patients examined at Al salmani central dental clinic in Benghazi throughout 9 months in the year 2021 in full observation of the measures imposed to combat COVID-19 pandemic. The patients were adults aged 18 years or above, with different dental complaints (dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, dental prosthesis problems), few of them had associating medical illness such as (diabetes, hypertension, asthma, paranasal sinusitis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or anemia) which might have modified their oral fungal carriage. The later can also be modified by personal habits such as smoking or alcoholism. All relevant information was recorded prior taking an oral smear and immediately transferring it to the laboratory for cultivation on a Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) by standard mycological methods. The isolates were first tested by gram stain then by germ tube test. The colony color and culture characteristics were recorded. CANDIDAtest 21 was used along with antifungal susceptibility test by Agar Diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs method. The susceptibility to seven antifungal agents (fluconazole, amphotericin B, Nystatin, fluocytosine, Clotrimazole, Itraconazole, and voriconazole) was tested. Results: In 310 cases, the prevalence of oral carriage of yeasts was 32% (100 patients; 54 females and 46 males). No correlation was found between clinical variables and candida carriage except for minor increased tendency of fungal carriage in the patients using dental prostheses. Twelve strains of candidal and non-candidal species could be isolated. Candida albicans was the most predominant species and found in 68% of the isolates, while Candida dubliniensis was the second isolated species in 15 cases, Trichosporon spp in 5 cases, Candida catenulata in 2 cases, Candida krusei in 2 cases, Candida glabrata in 2 cases, and (1 case each) for Candida magnolia, Candida pelliculosa, Cryptococcus humicola complex, Cryptococcus Laurentii, Geotrichum capitatum, and Rhodotorula rubra. Almost all isolates expressed high resistance to (amphotericin, fluocytosine, and Clotrimazole) 98%, 97% and 83% respectively, while the resistance was intermediate to (fluconazole and Nystatin), 67% and 60% respectively and high sensitivity was recorded to (voriconazole and Itraconazole) 91% and 71% respectively. Interestingly, fluconazole has performed well in this study, as the isolates were either sensitive (67%) or intermediately sensitive (33%) to it, and no single resistant was isolated. Conclusions: Candida albicans is the most predominately isolated species followed by Candida dubliniensis, while different figures were recorded for the other less commonly encountered species. Resistance to antifungal agents is high to some agents particularly amphotericin, fluocytosine, and Clotrimazole and less profound to other agents such as voriconazole and Itraconazole and no fluconazole resistant strains could be found.

A Study of Podoplanin Immunohistopathological Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Associated Stroma

Wed, 07 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT

A Study of Podoplanin Immunohistopathological Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Associated Stroma Gamra, Abdullah Ibrahim Alshareef Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common carcinoma in the head and neck region, accounts for ninety percent of the malignancies in the oral cavity and ranks among the top eight causes of cancer-related death globally. The expression of podoplanin, transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein, is up-regulated in a number of different human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and its relationship with tumour invasion raises the possibility that podoplanin expression could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Aim of the Study: the aim of this present study is to evaluate the expression of podoplanin in the three different grades of the oral squamous cell carcinoma and its associated stroma for understanding of the microenvironment of the tumour for better and early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 45 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded blocks of excised tumours from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, included 15 cases for each grade of OSCC, treated with Haematoxylin and Eosin for routine staining, and podoplanin D2-40, monoclonal antibody, for immunohistochemical staining. Results: In this present study, we found insignificant association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the three grades of OSCC. A highly immunoexpression of podoplanin revealed through the three grades of OSCC (88.8%) of cases with the high immunoreactive score mostly found in poorly differentiated OSCC and the low immunoreactive score mostly found in well differentiated OSCC (P = 0.017). The assessment of lymphovascular density in peritumoral and intratumoral lymph vessels revealed up-regulation from well to poorly differentiated OSCC with highly significant association in the peritumoral lymph vessels (p = 0.007), and in the intratumoral lymph vessels (p = 0.020). A highly significant association found during the assessment of the distribution of inflammatory cells in the three different grades of OSCC from well, moderately to poorly differentiated OSCC (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Podoplanin seems to be helpful as a biomarker for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and it may play an important role for the detection of the advanced grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, podoplanin can be used in lymphangiogenesis assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Relationship Between Torus Mandibu-laris, Torus Palatinus, Parafunctional Habits, and Anxiety in a Sample from Eastern Libyan Population

Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Relationship Between Torus Mandibu-laris, Torus Palatinus, Parafunctional Habits, and Anxiety in a Sample from Eastern Libyan Population Salmen, Moftah Hussan Ali Background: Torus is a benign, rounded, smooth-surfaced, non-neoplastic growth composed of nodular dense bone appears on the midline of the palate or the lin-gual aspects of the mandible. Its etiology is probably due to interplay of multifactorial ge-netic and environmental factors or may be associated with teeth grinding and parafunc-tional occlusal habits, or temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) . Aims: The current study aims to describe the demographic and clinical features of oral tori, by measuring their dimensions, size, and shape beside the frequency of signs and symptoms of parafunctional oral activity (such as clenching, teeth grinding and/or brux-ism). It aims also to measure the level of blood calcium, vitamin D, and parathy roid hor-mone and the level of anxiety and depression in these patients. Subjects and Methods: This study included patients with clinical evidence of oral torus seen from October 2019 through December 2020 from routine consecutive patients in Northern East region of Libya to describe the clinical presentation of tori. Furthermore, a maxillary and mandibular dental impressions were taken by a rubber base butty and light body then dental casts were immediately fabricated in dental laboratory using gy psum ma-terial (Elite Model, Zhermack). The biochemical findings of Calcium+ level, Vitamin D, and PTH levels were investigated. The level of anxiety and stress in the study group is assessed by HAD scale. . Results: This study comprised 50 Libyan patients (39 females and 11 males) aged 16- 63 y ears. The facial muscle clenching and fatigue was reported by 32 (64%) and morning jaw/neck fatigue was reported by 23 (46%), teeth grinding in 20 (40% ), TMJ morning stiffness in 18 ( 36% ) patients, nocturnal habit of bruxism in 11 ( 22%) , diurnal bruxism in 9 ( 18% ), grinding sounds during sleep in 7 ( 14%). Only 18 ( 36% ) were aware of presence of tori in their mouths. No reported difficulties in speech or deglutition or interferences with sleep. The signs of a presumed parafunctional activity included attri-tion in 34 (68%) of the patients, presence of shiny facets in 32 (64%) of patients, fractured teeth or restorations in 23 (46%) patients, mobility of teeth in 20 (40%) of patients and wear on the occlusal surface appliance in only 11 (22%) patients who had such appliances . Forty -four (88%) of the patients have Angle class I occlusion, and all of them except three had U shaped dental arch. Teeth spacing was detected in 17 (34%) patients, teeth crowd-ing in 19 (38%), hy podontia of the upper lateral incisors in 2 (4%) patients and no super-numerary teeth were detected. Twenty six patients (52%) had TM, 10 (20%) had TP while a concurrence of TP and TM was noticed in 14 (28%) patients. The size of all TP exceeded 10 mm in its long-est dimension diameter regardless of its shape. 14 (58%) patients had spindle shaped TP, 7 (29.17%) heart shaped and 1 (4.17%) lobulated, and two of other shapes. Thirty five (87.5%) cases of TM were bilateral, 18 (45%) rounded, 10 (25%) lobulated, eight (25%), oval and 4 (10%) other shapes. Calcium, vitamin D and PTH levels all the levels were within normal values. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) scores didn‟t reveal any statistically significant as-sociation with any of the signs and symptoms of parafunctional activity , however, an as-sociation exists between the anxiety score and facial muscle clenching and tigue (p=0.002) Conclusion: Further controlled studies involving larger number of subjects and ing wider areas of the country should be undertaken to shed light on different aspects of this overgrowths. The likely benefits of oral tori as a potential source of bone auto graft for Ridge augmentation should be explored as well as their potential use as an indicator for higher bone quality of the subject should also be elaborated. As oral tori are benign outgrowths, the future studies should concentrate on their potential use in implantology and other medical uses as their clinical and epidemiological characteristics had long been investigated in the past.

Study of epidermal growth factor receptor)EGFR) expression in benign and malignant Ameloblastoma Of The Jaws

Wed, 01 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Study of epidermal growth factor receptor)EGFR) expression in benign and malignant Ameloblastoma Of The Jaws Amna, Othman Ali Elfeitouri Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla, with multiple histological variants, and high recurrence rates if improperly treated. It is a locally invasive neoplasm often associated with morbidity and facial deformities, showing increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. EGFR stain location plays a vital role in assessing its proliferative potential, biological aggressiveness and treatment options. This study was aimed to assess the clinic- histopathological features of the ameloblastoma cases and to study (Immunohistochemistry examination) the immune -expression of EGFR in ameloblastoma cases to clarify their role in the biological behavior of the benign and malignant ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: A descriptive case-series study of twenty-five patients diagnosed as ameloblastomas was conducted during the period from 1995 to 2010.The present study was undertaken in oral pathology laboratory at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi. The data were collected and reviewed from patients' charts. Clinical and epidemiological data were taken. Histopathological examination and Immunohistochemistry were done. The immune expression of EGFR reaction in ameloblastomas were positive or negative reaction. Data collected and then analyzed by Statistical program (SPSS). Results: The age of the subjects ranged from15 to 50 years with mean age 29.1 and SD 10.586 years. M:F ratio 1.5:1. More than half of cases of ameloblastomas mainly in right side of the mandible, while 44 % in left side of the mandible, and only 4% in both sides. Histopathological examination. Most cases were cystic 48 %, plexiform represents 32 % whereas, follicular and desmoplastic were seen in 16% and 4% of cases respectively. granular cell, acanthomatous and basal cell were not observed in the ameloblastoma. The ameloblastomas. cases (21) 86% were positively stained immune reactions to EGFR. The cells were observed mainly in combined of cytoplasmic and membranous followed by membranous, while nearly (only 4 lesions) represent 14% were negative staining. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study concluded that most of ameloblastomas appear most commonly in the third to fifth decades. The majority of ameloblastomas indicate the biological behavior of the tumors as an aggressive because, most of tumors were solid and multicystic based on their histological classification, rather than benign also frequently invade locally and no metastasize was recorded . The majority of ameloblastoma are positive for immune reaction to EGFR, about 9 cases combind cytoplasmic and membranous, 4 cases combined nuclear, cytoplasamic and membranous, 8 cases membranous. The distribution of EGFR expression in ameloblsatoma 48% focal reaction, 40% diffuse reaction, 12% negative reaction. The staining intensity of EGFR 6 cases strong positive staining, 11cases moderate positive staining, 4 cases weak staining, 4 cases negative reaction.

Oral health Knowledge among Public Preparatory Schools Students in Benghazi City

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Oral health Knowledge among Public Preparatory Schools Students in Benghazi City Nagla, Awad Ibrahim Hamed Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health , oral health knowledge is considered to be an essential prerequisite for health related practices, so, the first step in establishing a good oral habits is to provide relevant knowledge to children and adolescents to rise their awareness of how to prevent oral disease, an adequate oral health knowledge during adolescence period improve attitudes and behaviors toward dental health. Objective: The scope of this study is to assess the level of oral health knowledge among adolescents students aged between 12-15 attending public preparatory schools in Benghazi, Libya.The main objective of the study is: To compare between female and male students in oral health knowledge level in association to the level of their parents education. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was used in this research that analyzed data from a representative sample at a specific time by using a modified questionnaire, rate of response was 89.3%,the questionnaire included two parts, demographic and information about oral health, statistical analyses and chi square test were used and statistical significant was set as p=o.o5. Results: In the total sample, 45.8% of participants were males and 54.2% of participants were females, study analyses showed that students who were interested to get information about oral health 95%, also study analyses showed that students who were interested to get information about oral health were significantly of 97.2% in females, whilst 93.2% in males, also the results showed that the ninth grade of age fifteen have more knowledge about the importance of oral health. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that females adolescents tend to visit dentist more than males, The study revealed that females engage better in oral hygiene behavior and possess a greater interest in oral health than do males, Parents help and encouragement about oral health self-care had a significant relationship with higher proportion in females, and the overall knowledge of adolescents was good. Key word: Oral health knowledge among adolescents.

Dentine Hypersensitivity and its Quality of Life Impacts Among Libyan Adult Dental Patients in Benghazi

Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Dentine Hypersensitivity and its Quality of Life Impacts Among Libyan Adult Dental Patients in Benghazi Najat, Muftah Albarasi There is a scarcity of research focusing on DH in the Arabic world. To authors best of knowledge, no previous attempts have been made to assess the prevalence of DH among Libyan adults or to evaluate impacts of DH on the quality of life. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional survey to explore the prevalence and associated factors of dentine hypersensitivity and its quality of life impacts among adult Libyan dental patients. The study was conducted in the city of Benghazi which is the second largest city and the country and hosts nearly one million inhabitants who descend from different Libyan tribes and races. The participants, who were adult dental patient, were recruited from one main public clinic (Alsalmani) and two private dental practices during the period between August and September 2021. A paper-based questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information (age, gender, education), oral health related behaviours (oral hygiene practices and preferences, smoking habits and dietary habits) and history of DH (time, duration and intensity of pain as well as aggravating and reliving factors). Data was analysed using SPSS software. All statistical test was conducted at p value of 0.05. RESULTS: Among 397 sample the distribution of DH cases. Overall, 31% of the participants had DH. However, most of the cases (80, 20.2%) were mild DH and the just 10 participants had DH. The majority of DH patients presented with periodontal problems (84%), followed by toothache (19%) and check-up (11%). The most common reliving factor was ‘removing the cause’ (13.9%) whereas the most aggravating factor was the cold drinks (21.4%). Higher proportions of DH were observed among hard brush users and those who reporting using desensitising toothpaste. (p≤0.05) CONCLUSION: In Libyan dental practice, DH is a commonly presenting condition. It may disturb people during eating, drinking, and oral hygiene habits. The aetiology of DH, which is directly connected with dentine exposure, due to, mainly, cold, stimuli as well as periodontal diseases as a key predisposing factor that may play an important role in initiating this condition.

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in A Sample of Adult Libyan Patients: An Orthopantomographic Study

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in A Sample of Adult Libyan Patients: An Orthopantomographic Study Magdi, Saleem Hamad Objectives: The prevalence of dental anomalies in different populations as demonstrated in several studies. So far, little is known about developmental anomalies in Libyan population. This research was aimed to: investigate prevalence of dental anomalies among a selected adult Libyan sample using panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of digital panoramic radiographs of (412) Libyan adult patients of both sexes (males and females) was collected from different Clinics in Benghazi district in period of six months. The radiographs were studied on computer screen to find out the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis by age and gender were conducted using SPSS software. Results: A total of 412 panorama radiographs were used in the data analysis. The majority were females (no=273, 66%), aged between 18 and 70 years old. The most common type of dental anomalies was dilaceration (no=130,31.6%), followed by impaction of wisdom teeth (no=66, 16%) and impaction of other teeth (no=23, 5.6%). A few cases of other anomalies were reported. These included one case of odontome, ectopic eruption of lift upper 8 and mesodens. were also seen Conclusions: Dilaceration and impaction were the most common types of developmental dental anomalies among study population, with rare cases of supernumerary teeth and odontome. Multiple anomalies are common in the present study, suggestion genetic origin. The study showed that the prevalence of dental anomalies increases with the age of participants.

THE USE OF SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AS AN INDICATOR FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Mon, 21 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT

THE USE OF SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AS AN INDICATOR FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS Loai, A. F. Ben Saod People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased incidence of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Long-term sequelae of DM may include retinopathy with potential loss of vision and nephropathy leading to renal failure. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease also are common. Some people experience peripheral and autonomic neuropathies such as numbness and tingling of extremities. People with poorly controlled DM also may have impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections (1). Although there are several diabetic complications that may occur in the body, several soft tissue abnormalities have been reported to be associated with DM in the oral cavity. These complications include periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis), salivary dysfunction leading to a reduction in salivary flow and changes in saliva composition, and taste dysfunction. Oral fungal and bacterial infections have also been reported in patients with DM. There are also reports of oral mucosal lesions in the form of stomatitis, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, oral lichen planus (OLP), lichenoid reaction and angular chelitis (2, 3). In addition, delayed mucosal wound healing, mucosal neuro-sensory disorders, dental carries and tooth loss have been reported in patients with DM (4). The prevalence and the chance of developing oral mucosal lesions were found to be higher in patients with DM compared to healthy controls (5). Dentists have a role in the diagnosis of DM throughout the detection of associated oral complications and they have an opportunity and responsibility to educate patients with DM about the oral complications of the disease, and to promote proper oral health behaviors that limit the risks of tooth loss, periodontal disease and soft-tissue pathologies (6). HbA1c has become the preferred clinical measure of glycaemic control. HbA1c is a measure of the non-enzymatic glycation of adult haemoglobin. The quantities of these glycated hemoglobins are much higher in diabetic patients than in healthy people and are more risky for complications of DM (7). Several studies and researches have been done in order to evaluate the benefit of the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for some diseases via its analysis which is potentially valuable for children and older adults, since whole saliva can be collected non-invasively, easily and with no special equipments compared with the collection of blood. Saliva needs to be more investigated by researchers to evaluate its benefits to measure glycemic control.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Arabic Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) In Benghazi, Libya

Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Arabic Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) In Benghazi, Libya Lamis, Abdelrahim Ballo Aims and Objectives The study's primary aim is to assess psychometric properties and evaluate responsiveness of the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) in Benghazi, Libya. Materials and Methods: The methods of this study consists of two parts, part one for assessment of psychometric properties of A-ECOHIS by secondary data analysis of 681 Libyan children of 6 years old. The data used for this study was collected as part of oral health survey that was carried out in 2017 in Benghazi, the survey conducted for collecting primary data used a cross-sectional design and WHO diagnostic criteria to assess oral health status, treatment needs and OHRQOL of Libyan children. Part two for evaluation of responsiveness of A-ECOHIS for 89, 5-6 years old Libyan children. The study implemented a pre-and-post-intervention design. Participants consisted of a convenience sample. All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25) software at p-value ≤0.05. Results: A total of 681 mothers participated in the present study. The majority of mothers were housewives (57%), attained tertiary education (44.9%) and gain low income (59.3%) (< 500 LYD). In the child impact section, “pain in the teeth, mouth or jaws” was the most frequently reported item by the parents (63.9%). In the family impact section, the most frequently reported items were “been upset” (29.7%) and “felt guilty” (20.4%). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88. The responsive sample included 89 participants. Mean ECOHIS scores in the whole sample for the whole scale prior to and following treatment are shown in figure 5.1. Higher mean scores (10.16±7.38) were reported before treatment received compared to mean scores after treatment received (4±5.32). Conclusion: This study showed that the Arabic-ECOHIS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the negative impacts of oral disorders/conditions on the quality of life of 5–6 year old preschool children and their families in Libya. As well, results of the longitudinal study showed that the Arabic-ECOHIS is sensitive and responsive to dental treatment of ECC.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Internally Displaced Libyan Children in Benghazi / Libya - Tawrgha Camps

Sun, 04 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Internally Displaced Libyan Children in Benghazi / Libya - Tawrgha Camps Abdelgader, Mohamed Elhashani Background: In Libya, about (245,483) Libyans are still internally displaced for different reasons. Of these, about (40,000, or 8,500) heads of families, are from Tawrgha city. There are currently more than 40 IDP camps across the country. In addition, Oral health is a critical indicator that may be used to determine a person's overall health. Little is known about the oral health status and treatment needs of children living in IDP camps. Objective: The present study was conducted to explore the oral health, treatment needs and OHRQoL of IDP children and inform future public health programs and policymakers. Methods and materials: An observational, cross-sectional survey using both clinical examination and a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted among children of ages 8-15 years, living in tawrgha camps in the city of Benghazi. The study used both a validated, self-administered questionnaire and a clinical assessment to collect data from the participants. The questionnaire explored the socio-demographic characteristics and oral health behaviors of the participant as well as the Arabic COHIP-SF19. Results: A total number of 358 (191 male and 167 female) IDP children were recruited. Participants showed a higher prevalence of dental caries (275, 76.6%) than Benghazi children (193, 53.20%). However, the IDP children had lower filling teeth rate (2, 0.6%) than Benghazi children (6, 6%). The data reveal that the caries prevalence was different between camps. The garuons camp showed the highest caries experience (4.26, SD=3.48), then The red crescent and sport city camps at (4.28, SD=3.35) and (3.5, SD=2.95) respectively. the lowest caries prevalence was in alhalis camp (2.60, SD=2.69). About (149, 41.6%) of the sample showed no singe of dental fluorosis. however, the severe form of it was found in (3, 0.8%). The vast majority of the participants had no sign of injury. Only few participants have traumatic injuries. The low prevalence of dental trauma (31, 8.7%). Almost all of the study participants showed no sign of erosion (308, 86%). Additionally, the data reveals that in the overall OHEQol score tawrgha children had (58.32, SD=1352) while the Benghazi children had (61.13, SD=12.97). Conclusion: The dental caries prevalence was high while dental erosion and dental trauma were relatively low among IDP children compared to children living in Benghazi. Camps that are away from the city center and supermarkets appeared to have lower caries rates Observed.

Oral Health Care System in Libya: Case Study of Benghazi

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Oral Health Care System in Libya: Case Study of Benghazi Aisha, Hassan Faraj Aloshiby The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a health care system as all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities (WHO, 2007). Dentistry is only one component of the broader healthcare system and part of the overall social welfare system. Therefore, as health professionals, dentists need to understand the essential elements of the health care system within which they are working and how the changes in the system impact them (Gift et al., 2007). All Health care systems are complex organizations in a constant process of change and evolution to meet the health needs of their citizens. However, there are no universally acknowledged definitions of a health system since they have been defined differently for different purposes by different scholars (Hsiao, 2003). For example, Policy makers are interested in understanding what interventions are likely to improve the performance of a health system. On the other hand, researchers want to investigate what structural components cause the varied outcomes. The need to make the health care system available to all citizens has historically increased in numerous nations as their civilizations developed. Health systems not only benefit people by preventing and treating illnesses, but they improve people's lives by generating security within society and including them in the developmental process with political support (Gilson et al., 2007). Other important factors that influence the nature, extent, and shape of a healthcare system include the demographics of society, advances in technology, expectations and a country's economic wealth (Arah et al, 2003). Therefore, some scholars suggested that an ideal oral health care system would be integrated with the rest of the health care system to respond to the ongoing changes in society. Many of the current challenges to oral health care systems are based on incongruities that have evolved among policy, organizational structures, reallocation of resources, actual population oral health care needs, altered disease patterns and changing socio-political systems. The oral health care system, therefore, would include surveillance of population oral health status and needs, and be evidence-based, effective, cost-effective, sustainable, equitable, comprehensive, ethical, and culturally competent, with an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. Moreover, it should include universal coverage, and continuous quality assessment and assurance. Finally, the ideal system would empower communities and individuals to create conditions conducive to health (Tomar & Cohen, 2010). It is crucial for each country to regularly examine its healthcare system to ensure that it is taking account of population changes, health needs, workforce numbers, skills and expectations (Gallagher et al., 2009). There are disparities in human and financial resources, dental workforce and types of trained personnel between developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, in many countries, the human, financial and material resources are still insufficient to meet the need for oral health care services and to provide universal access, especially in disadvantaged communities in developing and developed countries (Kandelman et al.,2012). In recent years many countries have been affected by the state of fragility is associated with a range of challenging, complex and inter-related political, security, economic, and social challenges, with people's health being at the centre of these challenges since it has significant adverse impacts on how health care is delivered and utilized (Guha-Sapir & van Panhuis, 2002 & Woodward et al., 2016). A fragile state is defined as one that failed or is vulnerable to failure regarding its authority, legitimacy and comprehensive service entitlements that it should provide to its population (Stewart-Brown, 2009). Recently, the number of people living in fragile and conflict-affected states has increased, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa region. Many of these states were part of the so-called Arab Spring revolution to oust dictatorships in these countries, but the aftermath of these revolutions turned sour. As a result, most of these countries have experienced a chronic state of instability ranging from economic and political turmoil, such as Egypt and Tunisia, to armed conflicts and completely failed states, such as Libya and Syria. The Libyan healthcare system has once been described as one of the most successful. However, as with other aspects of life in Libya, the healthcare system has been affected by turmoil and political crises in the last ten years. Health systems are affected by various contextual factors, for example, personal, organizational and social factors, which affect staff, their motivation, and the beneficiaries' response to health services (Gilson et al., 2011). Several attempts to assess the performance of the health care system in Libya were made by several organizations and groups. Yet, the oral health sector was neglected, and attention was given to the medical field. Therefore, this research aims to describe the Libyan oral healthcare system in terms of its structure, function, personnel, funding, reimbursement and target group. This will inform health care planners and policy makers as well as educational institutions about the current status of Libyan oral health care system and how it can be improved.

Impacts of Corona-virus Pandemic on the Preparedness of Dental Graduates at The University of Benghazi to Practice Dentistry

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Impacts of Corona-virus Pandemic on the Preparedness of Dental Graduates at The University of Benghazi to Practice Dentistry Aml, Osamah Ramadhan Alshuwayhidi Aim and objectives: The aim of this natural experimental study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the preparedness of dental graduate at the faculty of dentistry, University of Benghazi. Study design: A cross sectional mixed study design, a predesigned questionnaire known as graduate assessment of preparedness for practice (GAPP) questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection and supplemented by semi structured qualitative interviews to fully understand the issue of preparedness among dental graduates. Results: The overall response rate of 68.2%.,nearly 59.5% of the respondents were from pre-pandemic batch, the study finding showed the area of weakness of graduates preparedness were more prominent in the TMJ management (12%), orthodontics appliance repair (14.7%) and surgical extractions (37.2%) in clinical competences, most of the respondents considered themselves competent in taking history (86.2%), administering local anaesthesia (88.6%), and preforming direct restorations (85.6%), and to lesser extent prepared for simple tooth extraction (%79.2), periodontal treatment (%78.3) and preventive advice (%74.5), the pre-pandemic graduates demonstrated better confidence and competence in practicing dentistry independently but some areas remained deficient in both groups which indicates inherent problems in the dental curriculum at the UoB. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the pandemic has negatively affected the learning process at the faculty of dentistry of UoB and highlights the need of curriculum reform and re-defining the competencies of Libyan dental graduate. Minimizing the numbers of admitted students and supporting the existing resources are mandatory to regain the quality dental training.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Dentists toward Management of Special Needs Patients in Benghazi City

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Dentists toward Management of Special Needs Patients in Benghazi City Amal, M M Elbagermi Background: Special needs patients (SNPs) are one of the underserved dental patient in Libya. A compromised oral health condition amongst SNPs has been associated with shortage of skills of dental professionals in management. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Libyan dentists towards caring for SNPs. Methods: A cross sectional study including Libyan dentist in public and private dental clinics in Benghazi. Data were collected from a representative sample by using a modified questionnaire. Results: In the total sample (234), 32.1% of participants were males and 67.9% were females. More than 63% of dentists had good knowledge about mental retardation in Down syndrome, difficulty in swallowing and aware about major barriers in treating SNPs. About 45% of the dentists felt uncomfortable providing care for such patients, and more than half believe that good communications effective in treatment of SNPs. Majority of participants (89%) did not receive adequate training in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) and cannot manage mentally disable patient in their clinic. Conclusion and recommendation: Dentists had a good knowledge regarding different types of SNPs and best time to treat them, meanwhile they were lacking knowledge about dealing with mild and severe mentally disabled patients. They believe that SNPs should receive equal treatment as any others and agreed about the importance of SCD as a part of undergraduate curriculum Although most of the clinic were lacking the facilities for treating SNPs, some good behavior were recorded like ability of managing physically disabled patient, using of non-pharmacological methods, importance of training special nurse to deal with SNPs and using of special instruments and equipment. It is hoped that future researchers will be able to carry out the issues highlighted by present study.

Social Media Use, Attitude, and Perception of Digital Professionalism among Dental Students at The University of Benghazi

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Social Media Use, Attitude, and Perception of Digital Professionalism among Dental Students at The University of Benghazi Asma, Saad Albaraesi Aims and Objectives The study's primary aim is to assess dental students' usage patterns use of social media, their attitudes, and perceptions of digital professionalism. The secondary objective is to assess the impact of teaching digital professionalism at the University of Benghazi on the attitudes and perceptions of dental students. Materials and Methods: This study used a paper-based questionnaire which was developed and administrated to undergraduate dental students in the academic year 2020/2021 at the faculty of dentistry, Benghazi University. The questionnaire comprised of closeended questions to identify dental students pattern use of different social media platforms: (‘Facebook’, ‘Twitter’, ‘Instagram’, ‘YouTube’, ‘Snapchat’, ‘Telegram’), their privacy setting on each platform, and their perception and attitudes towards digital professionalism (e-professionalism). The data was then compared among those who received and did not receive professionalism lecture. All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25) software at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The number of students responded (N=364) out of 400 students accessed, almost all of them used multiple social media platforms and the most used site was Telegram (98.9%) by followed by Facebook (96.4%), 4th year students more likely to use telegram on daily basis than those in the internship year (P< 0.05). half of the of respondents (57.5%) felt that their online behavior is personal, separate from their life as a dental student, while 71.1% believed that their online behavior would not affect their future job opportunities. Most students 70.9% described social media posts that disclose information about the dental patients to be unprofessional. However, only 6.4% of the students considered communicating with patients on social media as unprofessional behavior which 4th year students were less likely to report this behavior as unprofessional compared to intern students (P-value = 0.026). Furthermore, 52.4% of the students reported that negative comments about the teaching process, staff, or colleagues as unprofessional online behavior. Conclusion: Almost all of the participants in this study used multiple social media sites which confirms the popularity of social media sites in recent years and gives tangible evidence regarding the use of social media among the dental students at the University of Benghazi, with Telegram and Facebook being, respectively, the most popular sites. Most students tend to use their real names when using social media platforms and use a privacy setting to limit their audience. However, a concerning number exhibited a deficit in their reporting of unprofessional online behaviors about maintaining patients' privacy and creating personal-professional boundaries on social media. This study highlights the need to establish policies for the professional and ethical use of social media by the University and emphasizes the need to include digital professionalism teaching to all dental undergraduates.

Food Advertisements and its Potential Impact on Dental Health

Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Food Advertisements and its Potential Impact on Dental Health Aram, Mohamed Elhashem Aims and Objectives: The study's primary aim is to assess the prevalence of food advertisements that are potentially harmful to dental health in the Arab Region. The secondary objectives are to describe the pattern and prevalence of food\drink advertisements according to sugar and acid content and the proportion of these advertisements in holidays and non-holidays with the investigation of the consumption of cariogenic potential of different foods containing sugar and acids. Materials and Methods: Mixed study design was adopted to meet the present study aims. The study included two main parts. The first part includes a content analysis of the records of the most commonly viewed TV channels in the Arab region, in order to describe the pattern and prevalence of food\drink advertisements according to sugar and acid content across the most popular TV channels in the region. The second part is an exploratory survey of Libyan adults to identify their preference and consumption of food\beverage products. Results: A total of 64.51 hours was recorded for the selected television channels, out of 903 adverts for different product types, (n=171, 18.9%) were food adverts, more than half of these food advertisements (53.6%, n=91) were categorized as potentially harmful to dental health, including cariogenic, high in sugar foods and drinks (12.4%, n=21), and both cariogenic and acidogenic (41.2%, n=70). More than half of the recorded adverts (52.3%, 472) were broadcasted on weekend days, and more than one third (56.6%, n=511) were broadcasted on peak time. Libya and other Arab countries have similar habits and diet desires, as the frequent consumption of foods rich in sugars like white bread and sweet snacks makes up the largest proportion of their diet. Comparison of commonly advertised and commonly consumed foods and drinks, it is clear that carbonated drinks and coffee and tea are quite common dietary items. Overall, the study demonstrated that the Libyan adults frequently consumes coffee and tea as well as carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices which are a primary source for sugars and acids causing caries and erosion. Therefore, the present study has important implications for dietary advice provided both at clinical and community settings. The educational message should target these habits in order to promote healthy eating and life-style. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study focus on the nature of food advertising on the most popular TV channels in the Arab region. The overall proportion of food advertisements is low, but more than half of these food advertisements were for products that potentially harmful to dental health and the great bulk were for foods high in both sugar and acid content, with occasionally a high proportion of advertisements during peak viewing time and holidays. Accordingly, the most commonly advertised food products, like carbonated soft drinks and coffee and tea are quite common dietary items and are the most frequently consumed food products by Libyan adults. The results show that Libyan adults frequently consumed food with high sugar and acid content which is harmful to dental health.

AGE ESTIMATION FROM TEETH AMONG BENGHAZI CHILDREN US-ING DEMIRJIAN’S METHOD

Thu, 01 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT

AGE ESTIMATION FROM TEETH AMONG BENGHAZI CHILDREN US-ING DEMIRJIAN’S METHOD Mohamed, Mustafa Kablan Aims: This study is aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian’s method in Benghazi chil-dren estimating the chronological age of male and female children between 6 and 16 years of age from panoramic radiographs and to establish a new dental age (DA) curve if the Demirjian’s method was not found to be accurate. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of 250 panoram-ic radiographs of 127 boys and 123 girls between the ages of 6–16 years. All children were placed in the age group closest to their chronological age. The dental age was scored on all seven left mandibular teeth by calibrated examiner. Statistical analyses using the t-test and Pearson correlation were performed. Results: There was no significant difference in both boys and girls in all the age groups be-tween their chronological age and dental age except for age group 6, 7, 15. Even though there was a slight overestimation in boys in some age groups and slight underestimation in girls in some groups, Moreover, correlation analyses for each age group showed a signifi-cant correlation between the chronological age and the dental age, using the Demirjian method, in most age groups (P < 0.01). When comparing the maturation score between boys and girls, the Student’s t-test showed that there were no statistical differences between boys and girls in most age groups. Conclusions: Benghazi boys and girls living in the east region of Libya exhibited similar pattern of dental development when compared to the Demirjian ‘s method. Hence, the Demi-rjian’s method could be used as reference in children from the eastern region of Libya.